Unit 3: K43a.Intro To ABX Flashcards
What kind of cells comprise humans?
Eukaryotes
What kind of cells comprise bacteria?
Prokaryotes
Where can one find the genetic material in bacteria?
In the nucleoid, a tangle of genetic material
TRUE or FALSE: bacteria have a nucleus
False
Eukaryote or prokaryote: parasites
Eukaryote
Eukaryote or prokaryote: fungi
Eukaryote
Eukaryote or prokaryote: viruses
Prokaryote
Eukaryote or prokaryote: bacteria
Prokaryote
Why does it matter if a microbe is a eukaryote or prokaryote?
We need to know if the antimicrobial used can also damage human cells
After gram staining, what color are
- GRAM + cells?
- GRAM - cells?
- Purple
2. Pink
What is the peptidoglycan later, and what difference does it make in gram + vs gram - bacteria?
Peptidoglycan is a layer surrounding a bacterium. In gram +, it is THICK. In gram -, it is THIN. The peptidoglycan holds the color for the gram stain.
What is the difference between AEROBIC and ANAEROBIC bacteria?
Aerobic bacteria need oxygen.
Anaerobic bacteria do not need oxygen.
What are the names for anaerobic bacteria that
- can use oxygen
- will die if exposed to oxygen?
- Facultative anaerobes
2. Obligate anaerobes
Aerobic bacteria are further classified into what?
Glucose fermenters vs non glucose fermenters
What is a fastidious organism?
Only grows in particular things
Think: the friend you invite to dinner but will only eat certain foods in certain places
Explain MIC
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration: lowest concentration needed to inhibit growth of bacteria
Define MBC
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration: lowest concentration of an antibiotic that will kill bacteria
Bacteriostatic vs Bactericidal
Bacteriostatic: prevents bacterial growth
Bactericidal: kills bacteria by attacking the cell wall
Reason to give bacteriostatic antibiotics…
Does not kill. Just inhibits. Decreases bacterial load so person’s immune system can eliminate infection.
RISK: organism can regrow when medication stopped
Reasons to give bactericical antibiotics…
Attacks cell wall to kill bacteria. Given for serious situations:
—severe/dangerous infections: endocarditis, meningitis, osteomyelitis
—infection in an immunocompromised patient
Bactericidal meds can be _____ dependent or _____ dependent. Need to know this because…
Concentration
Time
Affects how they are dosed
What does the MIC mean for time-dependent dosing?
Therapeutic effect only happens when the concentration is above MIC. When the concentration drops below MIC, it is time for another dose.
Name some classic time-dependent Bactericidal antibiotics
Beta-Lactams
Tetracyclines
Linezolid
Name some classic concentration dependent antibiotics
vancomycin
Aminoglycosides
Gentamicin