Unit 3: K45.Aminoglycosides

Question 1

List AMINOGLYCOSIDES

Answer 1

Amikacin
Gentamicin 
Kanamycin
Neomycin
Streptomycin
Tobramycin

Question 2

Gentamicin treats…

Answer 2

Serious GRAM- infections
GRAM+ endocarditis
Mycobacterial infections like tuberculosis

But usually needs to be used with other antibiotics

Question 3

Define: Synergistic killing effect

Answer 3

More than additive effect

Question 4

Adverse effects from aminoglycosides are both ____ and ______

Answer 4

Time-

Concentration-dependent

Question 5

Gentamicin can often be given ______ (how many times?)

Answer 5

ONCE

Question 6

Toxicities for Gentamicin

Answer 6

Ototoxicity

Nephrotoxocity

Question 7

MOA of aminoglycosides

Answer 7

Protein synthesis stops due to blocking of the 50s ribosome

Question 8

With aminoglycosides, nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity are more likely to be encountered….

Answer 8

With > 5 days of therapy
At higher doses
With the elderly
In the setting of renal insufficiency

With concurrent use of loop diuretics (e.g. furosemide)
With concurrent use of other nephrotoxic antimicrobials like vancomycin or amphotericin

Question 9

Streptomycin uses…

Answer 9

Second line tx for TB

Can only be used in combination to prevent emergence of resistance

Question 10

Can nephrotoxocity with gentamicin be reversed? Explain.

Answer 10

Usually, upon discontinuation of drug.

Question 11

Tobramycin is useful in ____ and in this formulation it had minimal systemic absorption and is unlikely to cause systemic adverse effects

Answer 11

Ophthalmic ointment

Question 12

Neomycin is not given via IV because _____; instead, it is used via _____

Answer 12

It is too toxic

Ointment for skin infections

Question 13

Spectinomycin

Answer 13

NOT available in the US

Usually used as an alternative treatment for drug resistant gonorrhea