Unit 3: K44.Tetracyclines & Others

Question 1

Tetracyclines are ______ inhibitors

Answer 1

BACTERIAL PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

Question 2

Tetracyclines are _________ spectrum bacterial protein synthesis inhibitors

Answer 2

BROAD

Question 3

______ antibiotics are Moderate spectrum bacterial protein synthesis inhibitors

Answer 3

MACROLIDE

Question 4

Tetracyclines have ____ rings

Answer 4

4

Question 5

Ribosomes put ______ together

Answer 5

PROTEIN CHAINS

Question 6

Tetracyclines bind to the ______ of the ribosome; this, in effect, ___________

Answer 6

30s SUBUNIT

BLOCKS PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

Question 7

Tetracyclines kill what kind of diseases present in PA?

Answer 7

TICK BORNE (RICKETTSIAL)

Question 8

Tetracyclines cannot be given under age ___ because _____

Answer 8

8

They are still developing teeth and it can cause discoloration of the teeth

Question 9

If on a tetracycline, watch out for _____

Answer 9

SUNBURNS

Question 10

Tigecycline is unique in that it can treat ______, but there is an increased risk of ______

Answer 10

VANCOMYCIN-RESISTANT STAPH

DEATH

Question 11

Tetracyclines should be taken with _______ so that _______

Answer 11

Plenty of water

The medication goes all the way to the stomach and doesn’t get stuck in the esophagus and possibly cause an ulcer

Question 12

The most popular Macrolide

Answer 12

Azithromycin

Question 13

Early macrolides

Answer 13

Erythromycin

Clarithromycin

Question 14

Side effects of erythromycin

Answer 14

GI upset: nausea, diarrhea

Question 15

Side effects of clarithromycin

Answer 15

Patients tend to get rashes

Question 16

Risks associated with azithromycin

Answer 16

Prolongation of QT interval leading to Torsades de pointes —> small increased risk of cardiac death

Question 17

Name one of the Ketolides

Answer 17

Telithromycin (not available in US)

Question 18

List some Macrolides

Answer 18

Erythromycin
Clarithromycin
Azithromycin

Question 19

Name a Lincosamide

Answer 19

Clindamycin

Question 20

If patient has MRSA, don’t use ______ (a Lincosamide) unless the sensitivity report indicates that the pathogen is sensitive to it

Answer 20

CLINDAMYCIN

Question 21

Clindamycin is often used for very severe cases of _____

Answer 21

CELLULITIS

Question 22

Side effects of clindamycin

Answer 22

GI upset

C. Diff colitis (clindamycin is one of the bigger offenders)

Question 23

List some Streptogramins

Answer 23

Quinupristin-dalfopristin (Synercid)

**combo of 2 streptogramins

Question 24

What is Cloramphenicol?

Answer 24

Bacterial protein synthesis inhibitor

Rarely used in US due to toxicities, potential for resistance, and availability of alternatives

Question 25

List an Oxazolidinone

Answer 25

Linezolid

Question 26

Discuss Linezolid

Answer 26

Useful for patients needing to be discharged on IV vancomycin but that seems to be difficult for some reason

Costs about $70/pill

Question 27

Toxicities for Linezolid

Answer 27

If pt is on an SSRI…SEROTONIN SYNDROME may occur; need to hold or drastically reduce dose of SSRI while on Linezolid

Also watch for bone marrow suppression, neuropathy, and optic neuritis

Question 28

What is Synercid used for?

Answer 28

Serious infections that have not responded to other antibiotics