Unit 9: Developmental Psychology (Pt. 2) Flashcards
In psychology, the socially influenced characteristics by which people define boy, girl, man, and woman
Gender
Any physical or verbal behavior intended to harm someone physically or emotionally
Aggression
An act of aggression (physical or verbal) intended to harm a person’s relationship or social standing
Relational aggression
A set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave
Role
A set of expected behaviors, attitudes, and traits for males or females
Gender Role
Our sense of being male, female, or some combination of the two
Gender identity
The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating by being rewarded or punished
Social Learning Theory
The acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role
Gender typing
Displaying both traditional masculine and feminine psychological characteristics
Androgyny
An umbrella term describing people who’s gender identity or expression differs from that associated with their birth-designated sex
Transgender
The transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence
Adolescence
The period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing
Puberty
Our sense of self, according to Erikson, the adolescent’s task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles
Identity
The “we” aspect of our self-concept, the part that answers the “who am I” that comes from group memberships
Social Identity
In Erikson’s theory, the ability to form close, loving relationships, a primary developmental task in young adulthood
Intimacy
A period of time from about age 18 to the mid twenties, when many in western cultures are no longer adolescents, but may not have achieved full independence from adults
Emerging adulthood
The sex chromosome found in both males and females, Females typically have two X chromosomes and males typically have one. X chromosome from each parent produces a female child.
X Chromsome
The sex chromosome typically found only in males. When paired with an X chromosome from the mother, it produces a male child.
Y chromosome
The most important male sex hormone. Both sexes have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs during the fetal period and the development of male sex characteristics during puberty.
Testosterone
The body structures (ovaries, testes, and external genitalia) that makes sexual reproduction happen
Primary sex characteristics
Nonreproductive sexual traits, such as female breasts and hips, and male voice quality and body hair
Secondary sex characteristics
The first ejaculation
spermarche
The first menstrual period
menarche
A condition present at birth due to the unusual combinations of male and female chromosomes, hormones, and anatomy, possessing biological sexual characteristics of both sexes
Intersex
The life-threatening, sexually transmitted infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), AIDS depletes the immune system, leaving the person vulnerable to infection
AIDS
Our enduring sexual attraction, usually toward members of our own sex (homosexual) or the other sex (heterosexual), variations include attraction towards both sexes (bisexual)
Sexual Orientation
The time of natural cessation of menstruation, also refers to the biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines
Menopause
Research that compares people of different ages at the same point in time
Cross-sectional study
Research that follows and retests the same people over time
Longitudinal study
Acquired (not lifelong) disorders marked by cognitive deficits, other related to Alzheimer’s disease, brain injury or disease, or substance abuse. In older adults, new neurocognitive disorders were formerly called dementia
Neurocognitive disorders
A neurocognitive disorder marked by neural plaques, often with the onset after age 80, and entailing a progressive decline in memory and other cognitive abilities
Alzheimer’s disease
The culturally preferred timing of social events, such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement
Social clock
