Unit 2: Research Methods (Pt. 2) Flashcards
The outcome that is measured, the variable that may change when the independent variable is manipulated
Dependent Variable
Factor that is manipulated, the variable whose effect is being studied
Independent Variable
The extend to which a test or experiment measures or predicts what it is supposed to.
Validity
Provide participants with enough information about a study to enable a rational decision about whether to participate
Informed Consent
The post experimental explanation of a study, including its purpose and any deceptions to its participants
Debriefing
Numerical data used to measure and describe characteristics of groups. Includes measures of central tendency and measures of variation.
Descriptive Statistics
A bar graph depicting a frequency distribution
Histogram
The most frequently occurring score(s) in a distribution
Mode
The arithmetic average of a distribution, obtained by adding the scores and then dividing by the number of scores
Mean
The middle score, in a distribution, half the scores are above it and half are below it
Median
A representation of scores that have symmetry around their average value
Normal Distribution
A representation of scores that lack symmetry around their average value
Skewed Distribution
The difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution
Range
A computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score
Standard Deviation
A symmetrical, bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many types of data
Normal Curve
Numerical data that allows one to generalize - to Ofer from sample data the probability of something being true of a population
Inferential Statistics
A statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance
Statistical Significance
A phenomenon in which research subjects tend to alter their behavior in response to knowledge of being observed
Hawthorne effect
A tendency to give socially approved answers to questions about oneself, the extent to which someone or something is admired or considered valuable within a social group
Social Desirability
A statistic that tells us where a score lies in relation to the population mean - positive means the score is above, negative means it’s below the mean
Z Score
Hypothesis test that is used to determine the significance of the results of a study. The smaller the p-value, the stronger the evidence
P Value
A committee that reviews, approves, and monitors biomedical and behavioral research conducted on humans
Institutional Review Board (IRB)
The tendency to be more confident than correct and to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgements
Overconfidence
A procedure for statistically combining the results of many different studies
Meta-analysis
Encouraging or persuading unwilling participants to partake in a form of research
Coercion
