Unit 2: Research Methods (Pt. 2)

Question 1

The outcome that is measured, the variable that may change when the independent variable is manipulated

Answer 1

Dependent Variable

Question 1

Factor that is manipulated, the variable whose effect is being studied

Answer 1

Independent Variable

Question 2

The extend to which a test or experiment measures or predicts what it is supposed to.

Answer 2

Validity

Question 3

Provide participants with enough information about a study to enable a rational decision about whether to participate

Answer 3

Informed Consent

Question 4

The post experimental explanation of a study, including its purpose and any deceptions to its participants

Answer 4

Debriefing

Question 5

Numerical data used to measure and describe characteristics of groups. Includes measures of central tendency and measures of variation.

Answer 5

Descriptive Statistics

Question 6

A bar graph depicting a frequency distribution

Answer 6

Histogram

Question 7

The most frequently occurring score(s) in a distribution

Answer 7

Mode

Question 8

The arithmetic average of a distribution, obtained by adding the scores and then dividing by the number of scores

Answer 8

Mean

Question 9

The middle score, in a distribution, half the scores are above it and half are below it

Answer 9

Median

Question 10

A representation of scores that have symmetry around their average value

Answer 10

Normal Distribution

Question 11

A representation of scores that lack symmetry around their average value

Answer 11

Skewed Distribution

Question 12

The difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution

Answer 12

Range

Question 13

A computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score

Answer 13

Standard Deviation

Question 14

A symmetrical, bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many types of data

Answer 14

Normal Curve

Question 15

Numerical data that allows one to generalize - to Ofer from sample data the probability of something being true of a population

Answer 15

Inferential Statistics

Question 16

A statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance

Answer 16

Statistical Significance

Question 17

A phenomenon in which research subjects tend to alter their behavior in response to knowledge of being observed

Answer 17

Hawthorne effect

Question 18

A tendency to give socially approved answers to questions about oneself, the extent to which someone or something is admired or considered valuable within a social group

Answer 18

Social Desirability

Question 19

A statistic that tells us where a score lies in relation to the population mean - positive means the score is above, negative means it’s below the mean

Answer 19

Z Score

Question 20

Hypothesis test that is used to determine the significance of the results of a study. The smaller the p-value, the stronger the evidence

Answer 20

P Value

Question 21

A committee that reviews, approves, and monitors biomedical and behavioral research conducted on humans

Answer 21

Institutional Review Board (IRB)

Question 22

The tendency to be more confident than correct and to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgements

Answer 22

Overconfidence

Question 23

A procedure for statistically combining the results of many different studies

Answer 23

Meta-analysis

Question 24

Encouraging or persuading unwilling participants to partake in a form of research

Answer 24

Coercion