Unit 4: Module 17-19

Question 1

Mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not the other

Answer 1

Perceptual Set

Question 2

Controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input, includes telepathy, clairvoyance, and precognition

Answer 2

Extrasensory Perception (ESP)

Question 3

Study of paranormal phenomena, including ESP and psychokinesis

Answer 3

Parapsychology

Question 4

Distance from one peak of one light or sound to the next. Distance determines hue, height determines intensity.

Answer 4

Wavelength

Question 5

Dimension of color that is determined by the wavelength of light, what we know as the color names

Answer 5

Hue

Question 6

Amount of energy in light wave or sound wave, which influences what we perceive as brightness or loudness. Determined by waves amplitude, or height

Answer 6

Intensity

Question 7

Eye’s clear protective outer layer, covering pupil and iris

Answer 7

Cornea

Question 8

Adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters

Answer 8

Pupil

Question 9

Ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening

Answer 9

Iris

Question 10

Transparent structure behind pupil that changes shape and helps form retina

Answer 10

Lens

Question 11

Light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information

Answer 11

Retina

Question 12

Process by which the eye’s lens changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina

Answer 12

Accommodation

Question 13

Retinal receptors that detect black, white, gray, and are sensitive to movement, necessary for peripheral and twilight vision when cones don’t respond

Answer 13

Rods

Question 14

Retinal receptors that are concentrated near the center of the retina and that function in the daylight or well-lit conditions. Detect fine detail and give the use to color sensations

Answer 14

Cones

Question 15

Nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain

Answer 15

Optic nerve

Question 16

Point at which optic nerve leaves the eye, no receptors located there

Answer 16

Blind spot

Question 17

Central focal point in the retina, around which the eye’s cones cluster

Answer 17

Fovea

Question 18

Retina contains 3 different types of color receptors - one most sensitive to red, one to blue, and one to green, which then stimulate the combination, can produce the perception of any color

Answer 18

Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory

Question 19

Theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green, blue-yellow, white-black) enable color vision. Some cells are stimulated by green and inhibited by red, and vice-versa

Answer 19

Opponent-process theory

Question 20

Nerve cells in the brain’s visual cortex that respond to specific features of the stimulus, such as shape, angle, or movement

Answer 20

Feature detectors

Question 21

Processing many aspects of a problem simultaneously, the brains natural mode of information processing for many functions, including vision

Answer 21

Parallel processing

Question 22

An organized whole, emphasize tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes

Answer 22

Gestalt

Question 23

Organization of the visual field into objects (figures) the stand out from their surroundings (ground)

Answer 23

Figure-ground

Question 24

Perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into groups

Answer 24

Grouping

Question 25

Ability to see objects in 3 dimensions, although images that strike them are 2d, allows us to judge distance

Answer 25

Depth perception

Question 26

Lab device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals

Answer 26

Visual cliff

Question 27

Depth cue, such as retinal disparity, that depends on the use of two eyes

Answer 27

Binocular cues

Question 28

Binocular cue for perceiving depth, by comparing retinal images from two eyes, the brain computes distance, the greater disparity (difference) between two images the closer the object

Answer 28

Retinal disparity

Question 29

Depth cue such as interposition or linear perspective, available to the eye alone

Answer 29

Monocular cues

Question 30

An illusion of movement created where two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession

Answer 30

Phi phenomenon

Question 31

Perceiving objects as unchanging (having consistent color, brightness, shape, size) even as illumination and retinal images change

Answer 31

Perceptual constancy

Question 32

Perceiving familiar objects as having consistent colors, even if changing illumination alters wavelength reflected by the object

Answer 32

Color constancy

Question 33

Ability to adjust to changed sensory input, including an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field

Answer 33

Perceptual adaptability