Unit 8: Modules 40-44

Question 1

The need to build relationships and to feel part of a group

Answer 1

Affiliation Need

Question 2

Deliberate social exclusion of individuals or groups

Answer 2

Ostracism

Question 3

Excessive self-love and self-absorption

Answer 3

Narcissism

Question 4

A desire for significant accomplishment, for mastery of skills or ideas, for control, and for attaining a high standard

Answer 4

Achievement Motivation

Question 5

In psychology, passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long-term goals

Answer 5

Grit

Question 6

A response of the whole organism, involving (1) physiological arousal, (2) expressive behaviors, and (3) conscious experience.

Answer 6

Emotion

Question 7

The theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to an emotion-arousing stimulus: stimulus -> arousal -> emotion.

Answer 7

James-Lange theory

Question 8

The theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of emotion.

Answer 8

Cannon-Bard theory

Question 9

The Schacter-Singer theory that to experience emotion, one must be (1) physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal.

Answer 9

Two-factor theory

Question 10

A machine used in attempts to detect lies that measures several of the physiological responses (such as perspiration, heart rate, and breathing changes) accompanying emotion.

Answer 10

Polygraph

Question 11

The tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or happiness.

Answer 11

Facial feedback

Question 12

The tendency of behavior to influence our own and others’ thoughts, feelings, and actions.

Answer 12

Behavior feedback effect

Question 13

The process by which we perceive and respond to certain events called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging

Answer 13

Stress

Question 14

Selye’s concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress in the three phases - alarm, resistance, exhaustion

Answer 14

General adaptation syndrome (GAS)

Question 15

Under stress, people (especially women) often provide support to others (tend) and bond with and seek support from others (befriend)

Answer 15

Tend and befriend response

Question 16

A subfield of psychology that provides psychology’s contribution to behavioral medicine

Answer 16

Health psychology

Question 17

The study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health

Answer 17

Psychoneuroimmunology

Question 18

Clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle, the leading cause of death in many developed countries

Answer 18

Coronary heart disease

Question 19

Friedman and Rosenman’s term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally-aggressive, and anger prone people

Answer 19

Type A

Question 20

Friedman and Rosenman’s term for easygoing and relaxed people

Answer 20

Type B

Question 21

In psychology, the idea that “releasing” aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges

Answer 21

Catharsis

Question 22

Sustained exercise that increases heart and living fitness, also helps alleviate depression and anxiety

Answer 22

Aerobic Exercise

Question 23

A reflective practice in which people attend to current experiences in a nonjudgemental and accepting manner

Answer 23

Mindfulness Meditation

Question 24

People’s tendency to be helpful when in a good mood

Answer 24

Feel-good do-good phenomenon

Question 25

The scientific study of human flourishing, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities thrive

Answer 25

Postive psychology

Question 26

Self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life, based along with measures of objective wellbeing (physical, economic indicators) to evaluate people’s quality of life

Answer 26

Subjective well-being

Question 27

Our tendency to form judgements (of sounds, lights, income) relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience

Answer 27

Adaptation level phenomenon

Question 28

The perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself

Answer 28

Relative deprivation