Unit 8: Modules 40-44 Flashcards
The need to build relationships and to feel part of a group
Affiliation Need
Deliberate social exclusion of individuals or groups
Ostracism
Excessive self-love and self-absorption
Narcissism
A desire for significant accomplishment, for mastery of skills or ideas, for control, and for attaining a high standard
Achievement Motivation
In psychology, passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long-term goals
Grit
A response of the whole organism, involving (1) physiological arousal, (2) expressive behaviors, and (3) conscious experience.
Emotion
The theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to an emotion-arousing stimulus: stimulus -> arousal -> emotion.
James-Lange theory
The theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of emotion.
Cannon-Bard theory
The Schacter-Singer theory that to experience emotion, one must be (1) physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal.
Two-factor theory
A machine used in attempts to detect lies that measures several of the physiological responses (such as perspiration, heart rate, and breathing changes) accompanying emotion.
Polygraph
The tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or happiness.
Facial feedback
The tendency of behavior to influence our own and others’ thoughts, feelings, and actions.
Behavior feedback effect
The process by which we perceive and respond to certain events called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging
Stress
Selye’s concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress in the three phases - alarm, resistance, exhaustion
General adaptation syndrome (GAS)
Under stress, people (especially women) often provide support to others (tend) and bond with and seek support from others (befriend)
Tend and befriend response
A subfield of psychology that provides psychology’s contribution to behavioral medicine
Health psychology
The study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health
Psychoneuroimmunology
Clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle, the leading cause of death in many developed countries
Coronary heart disease
Friedman and Rosenman’s term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally-aggressive, and anger prone people
Type A
Friedman and Rosenman’s term for easygoing and relaxed people
Type B
In psychology, the idea that “releasing” aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges
Catharsis
Sustained exercise that increases heart and living fitness, also helps alleviate depression and anxiety
Aerobic Exercise
A reflective practice in which people attend to current experiences in a nonjudgemental and accepting manner
Mindfulness Meditation
People’s tendency to be helpful when in a good mood
Feel-good do-good phenomenon
The scientific study of human flourishing, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities thrive
Postive psychology
Self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life, based along with measures of objective wellbeing (physical, economic indicators) to evaluate people’s quality of life
Subjective well-being
Our tendency to form judgements (of sounds, lights, income) relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience
Adaptation level phenomenon
The perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself
Relative deprivation
