Unit 8 Module 37-39 Flashcards
A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
Motivation
A complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned
Instinct
A basic bodily requirement
Physiological Need
The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need
Drive-reduction Theory
A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state, the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level
Homeostasis
A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior
Incentive
The principle that performance increases with arousal only up to a point, beyond which performance decreases
Yerkes-Dodson law
Maslow’s pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active
Hierarchy of needs
The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger.
Glucose
The point at which your “weight thermostat” may be set. When your body falls below this weight, increased hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may combine to restore lost weight.
Set point
The body’s resting rate of energy output
Basal metabolic rate
Defined as a body mass index (BMI) measurement of 30 or higher. Overweight individuals have a BMI of 25 or higher.
Obese
Having no sexual attraction to others
Asexual
The most important male sex hormone. Both males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs during the fetal period and the development of male sex characteristics during puberty.
Testosterone
Sex hormones, such as estradiol, that contributes to female sex characteristics and are secrets in greater amounts by females than males. Estrogen levels peak during ovulation. In nonhuman mammals, this promotes sexual receptivity.
Estrogens
