Unit 8 Module 37-39 Flashcards

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1
Q

A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior

A

Motivation

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2
Q

A complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned

A

Instinct

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3
Q

A basic bodily requirement

A

Physiological Need

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4
Q

The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need

A

Drive-reduction Theory

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5
Q

A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state, the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level

A

Homeostasis

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6
Q

A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior

A

Incentive

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7
Q

The principle that performance increases with arousal only up to a point, beyond which performance decreases

A

Yerkes-Dodson law

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8
Q

Maslow’s pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active

A

Hierarchy of needs

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9
Q

The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger.

A

Glucose

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10
Q

The point at which your “weight thermostat” may be set. When your body falls below this weight, increased hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may combine to restore lost weight.

A

Set point

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11
Q

The body’s resting rate of energy output

A

Basal metabolic rate

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12
Q

Defined as a body mass index (BMI) measurement of 30 or higher. Overweight individuals have a BMI of 25 or higher.

A

Obese

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13
Q

Having no sexual attraction to others

A

Asexual

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14
Q

The most important male sex hormone. Both males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs during the fetal period and the development of male sex characteristics during puberty.

A

Testosterone

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15
Q

Sex hormones, such as estradiol, that contributes to female sex characteristics and are secrets in greater amounts by females than males. Estrogen levels peak during ovulation. In nonhuman mammals, this promotes sexual receptivity.

A

Estrogens

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16
Q

The four stages of sexual responding, described by Masters and Johnson - excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution.

A

Sexual response cycle

17
Q

In human sexuality, a resting period that occurs after orgasm, during which a person cannot achieve another orgasm

A

Refractory period