Unit 5: States of Consciousness Flashcards
State of being away and aware of one’s surroundings
Consciousness
Periodic, natural loss of consciousness - as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation
Sleep
Biological clock, regular body Ruth’s (ex: body temperature) that occur on a 24-hour cycle
Circadian Rhythm
Rapid eye movement, recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur known as paradoxical sleep because muscles are relaxed, other body systems are active.
REM Sleep
Relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awakening state
Alpha Waves
Non-rapid eye movement sleep, encompasses all stages except for REM
NREM Sleep
False sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of visual stimulus
Hallucinations
Bizarre experiences, such as jerking or feeling of falling or floating weightlessly while transitioning to sleep
Hypnagogic Sensations
Large, slow brain waves associated with the deep sleep of NREM-3
Delta Waves
Pair of cell clusters in the hypothalamus that controls circadian rhythm. In response to light SCN causes pineal gland to adjust melatonin production, modifying feelings of sleepiness
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep
Insomnia
Sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks, sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times
Narcolepsy
Sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakening
Sleep Apnea
Sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified, unlike nightmares, these occur during NREM-3 which two or three hours of falling asleep, are seldom remembered
Night Terrors
Sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person’s mind
Dream
According to Freud, the symbolic, remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from latent content)
Manifest Content
According to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream (as distinct from the manifest content)
Latent Content
Tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation
REM rebound
Chemical substance that alters perception and moods
Psychoactive drugs
Disorder characterized by continued substance craving and use despite significant life disruption and/or physical risk
Substance Use Disorder
Diminishing effort with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drugs effects
Tolerance
Discomfort and distress that follow discontinued use of an addictive drug or behavior
With-drawl
Drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions
Depressants
Knows as alcoholism, marked by tolerance, withdrawal, and a drive to continue problematic use
Alcohol Use Disorder
Drugs that depress central nervous system activity, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement
Barbiturates
Opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin, depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety
Opiates
Drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, amphetamines, methamphetamines, and ecstasy) that excites neural activity and speeds up bodily functions
Stimulants
Stimulating and highly addictive drug found in tobacco
Nicotine
Powerful and addictive stimulant derived from the coca plant, produces temporary increased alertness and euphoria
Cocaine
Drugs such as methamphetamine, that stimulate neural activity, causing accelerated bodily functions and associated energy and mood changes
Amphetamines
Powerfully addictive during that stimulate CNS system, with accelerated body functions and associated energy and mood changes, over time, reduces baseline dopamine levels
Methamphetamine
Synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but why short-term health risks and long-term harm to serotonin producing neurons and to mood and cognitions
Ecstasy (MDMA)
Psychedelic drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in absence of sensory input
Hallucinogens
Altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as cardiac arrest) often similar to drug-induced hallucinations
Near-death experience
Powerful hallucinogenic drug known as acid
LSD
Major active ingredient in marijuana, triggers a variety of effects including mild hallucinations
THC
