Unit 7: Module 31 Flashcards
Persistence of learning over time through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information
Memory
A measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier, as on a fill-in the blank test
Recall
A measure of memory in which the person identifies items previously learned, as on a multiple-choice test
Recognition
A measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material again
Relearning
The process of getting information into the memory system, for example, by extracting meaning
Encoding
The process of retaining encoded information over time
Storage
The process of getting information out of memory storage
Retrieval
Processing many aspects of a problem simultaneously the Brian’s natural mode of information processing for many functions
Parallel Processing
The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Sensory Memory
Activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as digits to a phone number while calling, before the information is stored or forgotten
Short-term Memory
Relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system, includes: knowledge, skills, and experiences
Long-term Memory
A newer understanding of short-term memory that adds conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Working memory
Retention of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and “declare” (also called declarative memory)
Explicit memory
Encoding that requires attention and conscious focus
Effortful processing
Unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency, and of well-learned information, such as word meanings
Automatic processing
Retention of learned skills or classically conditioned associations independent of conscious recollections - also called non declarative memory
Implicit memory
A momentary, sensory memory of visual stimuli, a picture - image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Iconic memory
A momentary, sensory memory of an auditory stimuli, if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can be recalled within 3 to 4 seconds
Echoic memory
organizing items into familiar, manageable units, often occurs automatically
Chunking
Memory aids, especially techniques that use vivid imager and organizational devices
Mnemonics
The tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Spacing effect
Enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply re-reading, information. Also sometimes referred to as a retrieval practice effect or test-enhanced learning.
Testing effect
Encoding on a basic level, based on structure or appearance of words.
Shallow processing
Encoding semantically, based on the meaning of words, tends to yield best retention
Deep processing
