Unit 9: Developmental Psychology (Pt. 1)

Question 1

A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span

Answer 1

Developmental Psychology

Question 2

The fertilized egg, it enters a 2-week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo

Answer 2

Zygote

Question 3

The developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month

Answer 3

Embryo

Question 4

The developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth

Answer 4

Fetus

Question 5

“Monster makers” Agents scum has chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo and fetus during prenatal development and cause harm

Answer 5

Teratogens

Question 6

Physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnancy woman’s heavy drinking. In sever cases, signs include a small, out of proportion head and aboral facial features.

Answer 6

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

Question 7

Decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation. As infants gain familiarity, with repeated exposure to a stimulus, their interest wanes and they look away sooner.

Answer 7

Habituation

Question 8

Biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior relatively uninfluenced by experience.

Answer 8

Maturation

Question 9

All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

Answer 9

Cognition

Question 10

A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information

Answer 10

Schema

Question 11

Interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas

Answer 11

Assimilation

Question 12

Adapting our current understanding (schemas) to incorporate new information

Answer 12

Accommodation

Question 13

In Piaget’s theory, the stage (from birth to nearly 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities

Answer 13

Sensorimotor Stage

Question 14

The awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived

Answer 14

Object Permanence

Question 15

In Piaget’s theory, the stage (from about 2 to 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic

Answer 15

Preoperational Stage

Question 16

The principle (which Piaget believed to be a part of concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects

Answer 16

Conservation

Question 17

In Piaget’s theory , the preoperational child’s difficulty taking another’s point of view

Answer 17

Egocentrism

Question 18

People’s ideas about their own and others’ mental states - about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts and the behaviors these might predict

Answer 18

Theory of Mind

Question 19

In Piaget’s theory, the stage of cognitive developmental (from about 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to thank logically about concrete events.

Answer 19

Concrete Operational Stage

Question 20

In Piaget’s theory, the stage of cognitive developmental (normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts

Answer 20

Formal Operational Stage

Question 21

A framework that offers children temporary support as they develop higher levels of thinking.

Answer 21

Scaffold

Question 22

A disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by significant deficiencies in communication and social interaction, and by rigidly fixated interests and repetitive behaviors

Answer 22

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Question 23

The fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age

Answer 23

Stranger anxiety

Question 24

An emotional tie with another person, shown in young children by their seeking closeness to their caregiver and showing distress on separation

Answer 24

Attachment

Question 25

An optimal period early I life of an organism when exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces normal development

Answer 25

Critical period

Question 26

The process by which certain animals form strong attachments during early life

Answer 26

Imprinting

Question 27

A procedure for styling child-caregiver attachment, a child is placed in an unfamiliar environment while their caregiver leaves and then returns, the child’s reactions and observed

Answer 27

Strange situation

Question 28

Demonstrated by infants who comfortably explore environments in the presence of their caregiver, show only temporary distress when the caregiver leaves, and finds comfort in the caregiver’s return

Answer 28

Secure attachment

Question 29

Demonstrated by infants who display either a clinging anxious attachment or an avoidant attachment that resists closeness

Answer 29

Insecure attachment

Question 30

A person’s characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity

Answer 30

Temperament

Question 31

According to Erik Erikson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy, said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers

Answer 31

Basic trust

Question 32

All our thoughts and feelings about ourselves in answer to the question, “who am I?”

Answer 32

Self-concept

Question 33

In psychology, the biologically influenced characteristics by which people define male and female

Answer 33

Sex