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ISSA Personal Trainer > Unit 7 Muscle Mechanics (Week 3) > Flashcards

Unit 7 Muscle Mechanics (Week 3) Flashcards

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1
Q

The knee joint is made up of

A

the end of the femur and tibia bones.

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2
Q

the bony stability of the knee is extremely weak. To improve stability, many ligaments surround the knee joint such as:

A

pcl, acl, mcl, lcl, popliteal, and patellar ligament

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3
Q

posterior cruciate ligament prevents

A

forward displacement of the femur on the tibia

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4
Q

anterior cruciate ligament prevents

A

backward displacement of the femur on the tibia

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5
Q

medial and lateral ligaments provide

A

stability on the medial and lateral sides.

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6
Q

The knee joint is stabilized posteriorly by

A

the popliteal ligament

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7
Q

The knee joint is stabilized anteriorly by the

A

patellar ligament

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8
Q

The knee is stabilized on the anterior side by (muscle)

A

the quadriceps

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9
Q

The knee is stabilized on the medial side by (muscle)

A

sartorius and gracilis

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10
Q

The knee is stabilized on the lateral side by (muscle)

A

the tensor fasciae latae (TFL)

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11
Q

The knee is stabilized on the posterior side by (muscles)

A

the hamstring muscle group from above and the gastrocnemius from below.

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12
Q

two-joint-muscles:

A

Muscles that cross two joints rather than just one, such as the hamstrings, which cross both the hip and the knee.

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13
Q

chondromalacia:

A

The degeneration of cartilage.

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14
Q

The degeneration of cartilage (chondromalacia) is caused by

A

vastus medial is weak and patella becomes laterally displaced by vastus lateralis (or vice versa)

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15
Q

the gastrocnemius, the major muscle of the posterior shin, functions to

A

extend the foot (plantar flexion), involved in knee joint flexion, helps to provide greater stability.

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16
Q

the insertion of the gastrocnemius on the femur helps to

A

provide greater stability.

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17
Q

In the knee joint (leg) extension exercise, all four heads of the quadriceps are involved

A

rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius)

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18
Q

The rectus femoris (the two-jointed muscle of the quadriceps group) plays a major role in

A

knee joint extension when it is placed on stretch at the hip joint

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19
Q

The ankle joint is made up of

A

the tibia and the talus bones.

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20
Q

Movements possible at the ankle are

A

flexion (dorsiflexion) and extension (plantar flexion)

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21
Q

The subtalar joint is

A

located between the talus and calcaneus
typically involved in ankle sprains or strains
an intertarsal joint (involves several bones of the foot)

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22
Q

the ankle joint has only two bony parts:

A

one in the shin and one in the foot

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23
Q

The subtalar joint allows for .

A

various positions of the foot and leg in response to weight bearing, particularly when running on uneven or curved paths
It is the main connection between foot mobility and stability of the ankle and leg.

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24
Q

The gastrocnemius is the

A

major ankle extensor muscle of the shin.

Iocated on the upper posterior side of the lower leg and gives the rounded form to the calf.

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25
Q

Lying directly beneath the gastrocnemius is the

A

soleus

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26
Q

soleus

A

Its upper attachment is on the tibia and fibula and its lower attachment blends into the Achilles tendon on the calcaneus.
slightly wider than the gastrocnemius

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27
Q

tibialis anterior is the main muscle on the

A

anterior side of the shin.
- located high on the shin, while its tendon at the lower end crosses the ankle joint and inserts on the inner and under surface of the foot arch.

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28
Q

tibialis anterior

A

dorsiflexes the foot but also turns the sole of the foot inward. It plays a major role in maintaining the foot arch.

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29
Q

multiple vertebral joints produce a great range of motion in .

A

flexion, extension, hyperextension, lateral flexion to both sides, and rotation

30
Q

abdominal musculature (rectus abdominis, internal and external obliques, transverse abdominis) acts to

A

prevent the vertebral column from continually hyperextending.

31
Q

The rectus abdominis (and, to a limited extent, the internal and external obliques) acts to

A

pull the anterior pelvis toward the sternum or to pull the rib cage down toward the pelvis.

32
Q

hyperextension:

A

Extension of a limb or part beyond the normal limit.

33
Q

To produce shortening of the rectus abdominis in the lower fibers of the abdomen, it is necessary to do

A

exercises such as the reverse sit-up (reverse crunch) or hanging leg raises.
pelvic girdle is in motion, upper body stabilized, and upper fibers of abdominal muscles remain isometrically tensed

34
Q

antigravity muscles:

A

A hypothetical force by which a body of positive mass would repel a body of negative mass.

35
Q

The abdominal muscles

A

rectus abdominis, external and internal obliques

36
Q

the hip flexors

A

iliopsoas, pectineus, and rectus femoris

37
Q

The abdominal muscles and the hip flexors work together in order to

A

create maximum ROM in your ability to raise the legs as high as possible

38
Q

Large stabilizing components especially by the four rotator cuff muscles

A

supraspinatus, teres minor, infraspinatus, and subscapularis

39
Q

impingement:

A

Shoulder pain caused by connective tissue (a tendon) rubbing on a shoulder blade.

40
Q

the shoulder joint is a ____ joint (the same as in the hip joint) that allows for the following movements:

A

multi-axial

41
Q

the shoulder joint allows for the following movements:

A

flexion, extension/hyperextension, transverse (horizontal) adduction and abduction, abduction and adduction, medial (inward) and lateral (outward) rotation, and circumduction.

42
Q

the four rotator cuff muscles

A

supraspinatus, teres minor, infraspinatus, and subscapularis

43
Q

The muscles that serve as the primary movers of the arm at the shoulder joint are

A

the deltoid, coracobrachialis, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major, the long and short heads of the biceps, and the long head of the triceps on the posterior side.

44
Q

The shoulder girdle is made up of the

A

clavicle and the scapula

45
Q

movements of the shoulder girdle:

A

elevation, depression, upward rotation, downward rotation, protraction (abduction), and retraction (adduction).

46
Q

shoulder girdle muscles can only move

A

the scapulae

47
Q

shoulder joint muscles can only move

A

the arm

48
Q

Part I of trapezius is responsible for

A

elevation of the scapula

most upper part of trapezius

49
Q

Part IV of the trapezius is also a prime mover for

A

depression in which the scapula moves directly downward

50
Q

Part III, the middle part of the trapezius, is involved in

A

adduction of the scapula—movement in which the scapula moves inward toward the spine

51
Q

(Part II) some of the trapezius muscle fibers are fairly

A

vertical, some are horizontal, and some are in between

52
Q

The elbow joint is made up of

A

the ends of the humerus and ulna bones.

53
Q

The only movements possible at the elbow joint are

A

flexion and extension.

54
Q

The anterior muscles are the main elbow joint flexors

A

biceps, brachialis, brachioradialis, and pronator teres

55
Q

To fully strengthen all three heads of the triceps, you should do.

A

resistance exercises in which you extend the shoulder joint with the elbow extended and extend the elbow with the shoulder joint flexed

56
Q

An exercise in which you extend the shoulder joint with the elbow extended is the

A

two-part triceps kickback.

57
Q

The lying 45 degrees elbow extension exercise is an example of

A

elbow extension with the shoulder joint flexed.

58
Q

The radioulnar joint is a combination of three joints located at the

A

wrist, elbow, and in between the ulna and radius bones.

59
Q

The movements of the radioulnar joint consist of

A

pronation and supination.

60
Q

The wrist joint consists of the

A

ends of the radius and ulna bones of the forearm with the carpal bones of the hand.

61
Q

The movements of the wrist joint include

A

flexion and extension/hyperextension, radial and ulna flexion (abduction), and adduction, respectively.

62
Q

The major flexors of the wrist are the

A

flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, and the palmaris longus.
located on the palm side

63
Q

The major extensor muscles of the wrist include the

A

extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, and extensor carpi ulnaris.
located on the back of the forearm

64
Q

main muscles involved in wrist abduction (radial flexion)

A

the flexor carpi radialis and extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis

65
Q

major muscles involved in ulnar flexion (wrist adduction),

A

the flexor carpi ulnaris and the extensor carpi ulnaris

66
Q

tendinitis caused by

A

tendons from the hands, due to poor grip

67
Q

The most accurate way to determine the key actions and muscles involved in a strength exercise is to

A

biomechanically and kinesiologically analyze the movements.

68
Q

The gastrocnemius is another two-joint muscle of the knee, which also

A

crosses the ankle joint

69
Q

The bony arrangement of the shoulder joint consists of a shallow socket (glenoid fossa) into which

A

the spherical head of the humerus fits.

70
Q

The anterior muscles of the elbow joint are the

A

biceps, brachialis, brachioradialis, and pronator teres.

71
Q

The posterior muscles on the backside of the elbow are

A

the triceps and anconeus.

ISSA Personal Trainer (34 decks)

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