Unit 6 Musculoskeletal Deviations (Week 3)

Question 1

posture:

Answer 1

The way the body holds itself when sitting, standing, lying down, or moving.

Question 2

relative strength and flexibility of the spinal muscles play a role in

Answer 2

the alignment of the trunk and pelvis

Question 3

When imbalances exist, three abnormal conditions result:

Answer 3

lordosis, scoliosis, and kyphosis

Question 4

lordosis:

Answer 4

A spinal disorder in which the spine curves significantly inward at the lower back. Also called ‘Swayback.’

Question 5

scoliosis:

Answer 5

A spinal disorder in which there is a sideways curve to the spine. The curve is often S-shaped or C-shaped.

Question 6

kyphosis:

Answer 6

A spinal disorder which is characterized by an abnormally rounded upper back (more than 50 degrees of curvature).

Question 7

Lordosis possible tight muscles

Answer 7

Lower back (erectors), hip flexors

Question 8

Flatback - possible tight muscles

Answer 8

Upper abdominals, hip extensors

Question 9

Swayback - possible tight muscles

Answer 9

Upper abdominals, hip extensors

Question 10

Kyphosis - possible tight muscles

Answer 10

Internal oblique, shoulder adductors (pectorals and latissimus), intercostals

Question 11

forward head - possible tight muscles

Answer 11

Cervical extensors, upper trapezius

Question 12

flatback - possible weak muscles

Answer 12

Lower back (erectors), hip flexors

Question 13

swayback - possible weak muscles

Answer 13

Oblique abdominals, hip extensors

Question 14

kyphosis - possible weak muscles

Answer 14

Erector spinae of the thoracic spine, scapular adductors (mid and lower trapezius)

Question 15

lordosis - possible weak muscles

Answer 15

Abdominals (especially obliques),

Question 16

forward head - possible weak muscles

Answer 16

neck flexors

Question 17

The key to having a well-aligned and balanced body is to

Answer 17

develop the muscles (agonists) on one side of the joint with the muscles on the other side of the joint (antagonists).

Question 18

Muscular tonus

Answer 18

is associated with blood circulation and economy in movement

Question 19

the spine supports

Answer 19

the weight of the head, trunk, and upper extremities

Question 20

the spine encloses and protects

Answer 20

the spinal cord and the nerves, which lead to and from it.

Question 21

how many natural curves does the spine have

Answer 21

4

Question 22

In general, a person’s spine should maintain

Answer 22

30 to 40 degrees of spinal flexion forward and

15 to 20 degrees of spinal extension to the rear

Question 23

experts suggest that intradiscal pressure when seated is up to

Answer 23

11 times greater than when lying down.

Question 24

intradiscal pressure:

Answer 24

Pressure present between vertebral disks.

Question 25

ergonomics:

Answer 25

A science that deals with designing and arranging things so that people can use them easily and safely.

Question 26

NAME EXERCISE: shortens the abdominal muscles in front and the gluteal muscles in back is essential to attaining the best position of the pelvis in relation to the trunk.

Answer 26

Glute bridges

Question 27

When you have good posture,

Answer 27

your muscles are in balance and your body is symmetrical.

Question 28

Benefits of good posture:

Answer 28

ease of movement, good balance of muscle strength and flexibility, proper positioning of the spine, and proper functioning of the internal organs, your body feels good, therefore you feel good.

Question 29

To evaluate your posture, stand with your back against a wall. Your heels, backs of calves, buttocks, upper back, and head should comfortably touch the wall.

Answer 29

stand with your back against a wall: Your heels, backs of calves, buttocks, upper back, and head should comfortably touch the wall.

Question 30

The spine is the keystone of

Answer 30

body structure and must support the weight of the body.

Question 31

Sitting is inescapable for most people, so the best advice is to

Answer 31

(1) limit time spent sitting as much as possible, and (2) design your workplace according to correct ergonomics.

Question 32

For correct ergonomics, feet must be

Answer 32

sufficiently strong to keep the body equally balanced and the shins in line with the feet, head, trunk, and upper extremities.