UNIT 30 SPORTS MEDICINE IN THE TRENCHES (WEEK 9) Flashcards
Sports Medicine is concerned with the
diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation, and prevention of athletic injuries, as well as dealing with the effects of exercise on the human body for the enhancement of athletic performance.
There are two classifications of factors which lead to sports injuries:
intrinsic factors (mental and physical preparedness) and extrinsic factors (those factors which impinge externally on performance).
Diathermy is
a form of high-frequency heat that penetrates injured tissues deeper and more effectively than other forms of heat therapy (e.g., hydroculator packs, moist-heat packs, etc.).
Electrostimulation involves
electrodes that create a contraction of the surrounding musculature, reducing edema by pumping fluid out of the affected tissue.
Cryotherapy is the application of
cold (usually in the form of ice or “chemical ice”) to body tissues for the purpose of pain relief and decreased swelling (via vasodilation).
Heat Therapy is
the use of heating pads or hot showers which are best when followed with ice because heat alone causes static swelling.
Ultrasound is
high-frequency sound waves, which oscillate to penetrate 1 to 2-1/2 inches into muscle tissue.
Hydrotherapy is
the use of water as a therapeutic/recuperative means.
Cryokinetic therapy is very beneficial in
reducing contracted, tightened muscle tissue, as well as pumping these tissues free of accumulated, training-induced waste products.
Leg Elevation is used as a means to
reverse hydrostatic or columnar pressure after a long day standing or training.
Ongoing professional assistance:
Many forms of therapy, including various types of “bodywork,” are available to athletes at moderate cost and are highly recommended
intrinsic factors:
Variables under your control to prevent yourself from injury or ailment.
extrinsic factors:
Variables that you are unable to control to prevent yourself from an injury or ailment.
somatotype:
bodily physique conforms to a basic type (endomorphic, mesomorphic, or ectomorphic).
factors which impinge externally on performance
Other personnel: Trainers and coaches must beware of overstimulating the athlete into a performance which is beyond his or her capabilities.
Training program design: Make sure you warm-up and cool-down!
Environment: Investigate equipment, flooring, and venue in general.
Thermal injuries: Hydrate, wear appropriate clothing, and acclimatize prior to activity or competition.
Clothing, footwear, etc: Proper fit
Other equipment: mouth-guards, helmets, padding, belts, wraps.
Fluids, nutrition and supplements: Fitness after injury: Rehab should address muscle wasting and joint stiffness.
Contrast Showers:
Alternate between hot and cold bursts of water for 2-minute periods directly following your workout.
Whirlpool:
This form of therapy improves circulation and renders a relaxation effect
most commonly used forms of professional assistance are:
Chiropractic Massage Therapy Physical Therapy Rolfing Neuromuscular Reeducation Trager Mentastics Acupuncture/pressure Alexander Technique
inflammation:
Body’s local response to injury. Acute inflammation is characterized by pain, with heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. Uncontrolled swelling may cause further damage to tissues at the injury site.
The 5 Step Back Solution
Step 1: Reduce The Inflammation Step 2: Improve Segmental Alignment and Mobility Step 3: Increase Muscular Flexibility Step 4: Pay Attention to Your Posture Step 5: Strengthen Your Back & Abdomen
two most common mechanical problems that cause back pain are
misalignment and fixation
two main causes of vertebral joint fixation are
traumatic fixation and static fixation.
vertebral joint fixation:
A neurosurgical procedure in which two or more vertebrae are anchored to each other through a synthetic “vertebral fixation device,” with the aim of reducing vertebral mobility and thus avoiding possible damage to the spinal cord and/or spinal roots.
Traumatic Fixation:
Take, for example, jamming a finger while catching a baseball. Your finger is jammed or sprained, not broken. But boy, does it hurt and gets stiff and swollen! Now, try to bend that finger. It may bend at one joint; however, the rest of the joints remain fixated or immobile.
Subluxation refers to
improper biomechanical motion between two vertebrae, which produces irritation of a spinal nerve, leading to back and neck pain, muscle spasm and potential for further injury.
Tight muscles, incorrect training techniques, scoliosis (curved spine), poor posture, high hip or shoulder, or misaligned spine—all can predispose a person to a ________
subluxation.
Categories of Joint Injury
Inflammatory
Impingement
The body’s first response to joint injury is _________, or a “bleeding” of serum into the joint capsule.
inflammation
impingement:
Shoulder pain caused by connective tissue (a tendon) rubbing on a shoulder blade
strain:
A stretching or tearing of a musculotendinous unit. Degrees of severity include first-degree, stretching of the unit; second-degree, partial tearing of the unit; third-degree, complete disruption of the unit.
sprain:
A stretching or tearing of ligaments. Severity ratings of sprains are first-degree, stretching and partial tearing; second-degree: larger yet incomplete tearing; third-degree, complete tearing.
Grade I strain
involves a cramp or pull of the muscle fibers,
minor fraying of ligaments anf tendons
Grade II strain is characterized by
a small to moderate amount of muscle tearing
moderate damage ligaments and tendons
Grade III strain
involves tearing of large numbers of muscle fiber
massive or total tearing of the connective tissue.
adhesive capsulitis:
Extreme stiffness or immobility in the shoulder joint, usually following injury and caused by the adhesions in the joint and inflammation of the capsule of the humerus.
ROS (Repetitive Overuse Syndrome):
Usually defined as work and/or activity-related symptoms caused by repetitive tasks, forceful exertions, vibrations, mechanical compression (impact on hard surfaces), sustained or awkward poses and excessive use of the body, and results from improper muscle balance around the joints.
chondromalacia:
The degeneration of cartilage.
patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS):
Pain in the front of the knee that frequently occurs in teenagers, manual laborers, and athletes. It sometimes is caused by wearing down, roughening, or softening of the cartilage under the kneecap.
locked knee:
A disorder of the knee joint that prevents the leg from being fully extended, usually resulting from damage to the semilunar cartilage.
crepitus:
A grating sound or sensation produced by friction between the bone and cartilage or the fractured parts of a bone.
With vertigo, you perceive that either you or your surroundings are
actually moving or spinning. When you try to walk, you may veer to one side.
A sudden loss of consciousness is called
fainting.
Fever is probably the single most important ______ __ _______ It is also
symptom of illness.
one of the main ways in which your body defends itself against disease.
fever
Normally, oral body temperature ranges between ____ and ____ degrees Fahrenheit.
96.8 and 99.3
one way your body prevents irritating particles that enter your airways from invading your lungs.
a cough
bone infection
osteomyelitis
joints are supported by tough fibrous bands _______ and enclosed in capsules (_____) that protect and lubricate them.
(ligaments)
bursa
bleeding heavily
hemorrhaging
To reduce inflammation in the back, ice should be applied for at least ______ minutes.
15
