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ISSA Personal Trainer > Unit 3 Musculoskeletal Anatomy & Physiology (Week 2) > Flashcards

Unit 3 Musculoskeletal Anatomy & Physiology (Week 2) Flashcards

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1
Q

Musculoskeletal system

A

Body system that consist of the bones, joints, connective tissue, and muscles

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2
Q

Skeletal system

A

consist of bone and cartilage that supports and protects the body

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3
Q

The average human adult skeleton has ___ bones

A

206

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4
Q

Bones serve as levers that

A

Transmit muscular forces

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5
Q

The skeletal system protects

A

The body’s organs

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6
Q

The skeletal system serves

A

As a structural framework for other tissues and organs

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7
Q

Bones serve as

A

Banks for storage and release of minerals, such as calcium and phosphorus

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8
Q

Axial skeleton

A

Forms the central access of the body and it is mostly concerned with maintaining the structure of the body

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9
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Supports the body’s appendages and is mostly concerned with creating locomotor in manipulative movement.
126 bones

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10
Q

Bones consist of three layers:

A

Bone marrow, compact bone, and periosteum.

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11
Q

Five main categories of bones:

A

Flat bones, short bones, long bones, sesamoid bones, and a regular bones

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12
Q

Flat bones

A

Provide protection and include the ileum, ribs, sternum, clavicle, and scapula.
They are usually characterized by a curved surface where it is either thick at the tendon attachment or very thin.

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13
Q

Short bones

A

Provide some shock absorption and include carpals and tarsals.

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14
Q

Long bones

A

Provide structural support and include the tibia, fibula, femur, radius, ulna, and humerus.
These bones are usually characterized by a long, cylindrical shaft with relatively wide, protruding ends.

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15
Q

Sesamoid bones

A

Provide protection as well as improve mechanical advantage of musculotendinous units and are included in the patella in the flexor tendons of the toe and thumb.
They are usually characterized as small bones embedded within the tendon of a musculotendinous unit.

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16
Q

Irregular bones

A

Serve a variety of purposes in the body and include bones throughout the spine as well as the ischium, pubis, and maxilla.

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17
Q

Musculotendinous

A

Of, relating to, or affecting muscular and tendonious tissues

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18
Q

Red blood cells

A

Carry oxygen

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19
Q

White blood cells

A

Fight infection

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20
Q

Platelets

A

Help stop bleeding

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21
Q

Yellow bone marrow primarily stores

A

Fat cells

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22
Q

Surrounding the marrow is a dense, rigid bone called the

A

Compact bone

23
Q

Periosteum

A

A layer of specialized connective tissue that acts as the “skin” of the bone

24
Q

Bone marrow is located in a

A

Central cavity within the long bone

25
Q

Joint (articulation)

A

For me when 2 bones connect

26
Q

Synarthrodial

A

With no separation or articular activity, such as the skull

27
Q

Freely movable joint with an articular activity

A

Diarthrodial

28
Q

2 major classifications of joints:

A

Synarthrodial and diarthrodial

29
Q

Synovial fluid

A

A fluid that lubricates the smooth cartilage in joints

30
Q

Diarthrodial are classified in 6 categories:

A

Arthrodial (gliding),
condyloidal (biaxial ball and socket), enarthrodial (multiaxial ball and socket), giglymus (uniaxial hinge),
stellar (saddle),
and trochoidal (pivot)

31
Q

Arthrodial (gliding) joints

A

Permit limited gliding movement and includes bones of the wrist in the tarsometatarsal joints of the foot.
They are characterized by two flat, bony surfaces that press up against each other.

32
Q

condyloidal (biaxial ball and socket) joints

A

Permit movement in two planes without rotation.
Examples include the wrist between the radiused in the proximal row carpal bones in the second, third, fourth, and fifth metacarpal-phalangeal joint.

33
Q

enarthrodial (multiaxial ball and socket) joints

A

Permit movement in all planes. They include the shoulder and hip joints.

34
Q

What type of joints permit a wide range of movement in one plane

A

Ginglymus (Hinge) joints. Examples are the elbow ankle and knee joint

35
Q

Stellar (saddle) joint

A

Permits ball and socket movement with the exception of rotation.
The thumb is the only saddle joy in the body and it is capable of reciprocal reception

36
Q

trochoidal (pivot) joints

A

Permit rotational movement around a long access as with the rotation of the radius at the radio-ulnar joint

37
Q

Collagen

A

Fibrous protein that forms tough connective tissue

38
Q

The primary function of dense connective tissue is to connect

A

Muscle to bone and to connect joints together

39
Q

Extensions of the muscle fibers that connect muscle to bone are called

A

Tendons

40
Q

Feedback loop

A

Section of a control system that serves as a regulatory mechanism

41
Q

Ligament

A

The fibrous connective tissue that connects bone to bone, or bone Cartlidge, to hold together and support joints

42
Q

Elastin

A

Elastic fibrous proteins found and connective tissue

43
Q

Cartilage

A

A firm, elastic, flexible, white material found at the end of ribs, between vertebrae (discs), at joint services, and in the nose and ears ears

44
Q

Cartlidge receives oxygen and nutrients through diffusion which is

A

The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

45
Q

Ballistic movements

A

Muscle contractions that exhibit maximum velocities and accelerations over a very short period of time. They exhibit high firing rates, high force production, and very brief contraction times.

46
Q

Superior

A

Toward the head

47
Q

Anatomical position

A

The body is assumed to be standing with feet together the arms to the side and a head eyes and palms facing forward

48
Q

Inferior

A

Toward the feet

49
Q

Type I Muscle fibers are predominantly aerobic

A

TRUE

50
Q

Cardiovascular/aerobic exercise results in:

A

Mitochondrial adaptations

51
Q

Type II muscle fibers are entirely aerobic

A

FALSE

52
Q

Muscular hypertrophy is a(n):

A

Increase in muscle fiber size

53
Q

Tendons:

A

Are extensions of muscle fibers and Connect muscle to bone

54
Q

The anatomical terms for front and back are:

A

Anterior and posterior

ISSA Personal Trainer (34 decks)

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