Unit 4 Kinesiology (Week 3) Flashcards
Define kinesiology and understand the role it plays in creating effective fitness training programs. Understand how the body moves in space and is able to perform complex movements. Distinguish between different types of muscle contractions. Know the various types of muscles and their roles in producing movement. Communicate with clients and fellow health professionals using kinesiology terms.
Types of muscle contractions
Concentric, eccentric, and isometric
In a concentric contraction,
Muscles shorts
Muscular force and Movement ⬆️
Ex: bicep curl
In an eccentric contraction (yielding contraction)
Muscles lengthens (stretches)
The eccentric contraction plays a very important role in
Controlling and stopping movement and in preparing the muscles for an explosive type contraction
in a ballistic movement, as the muscle lengthens
It increases in the intensity of its contraction
In an isometric contraction
The muscle exhibit strength but the limbs do not move
An isometric contraction is seen in the
Stabilization of a joint or body as when you hold a particular position to execute an exercise
A muscle is called ________ when is the main muscle involved in a concentric contraction
Prime mover or agonist
An ______ Usually plays a secondary roll to the prime mover muscles involved
Assistant mover
An _____ Muscle has an action directly opposite to that of the agonist
Antagonist
When an agonist undergoes a concentric contraction,
An antagonist undergoes and eccentric contraction to guide the movement into stabilize the joint
Cocontraction
When both the agonist and antagonist undergo contraction
Stabilizer
Muscle that studies or holds a body part in place
helping synergy:
When two muscles contract together to create one movement.
Example of helping synergy exercise
the internal and external oblique muscles contract, they have a tendency to not only perform spinal flexion but to rotate the shoulders. To prevent the rotation, the internal and external oblique muscles cancel out their rotational action and the resultant force is used for spinal flexion.
true synergy:
When a muscle contracts to stop the secondary action of another muscle.
When a muscle contracts to counteract an undesirable action of another muscle.
neutralizer
Examples of sustained force movements
lifting a heavy weight
or isometric exercise
Dynamic balance movements
standing on one leg
movement in which inertial movement exists after an explosive or quick, maximum-force contraction.
Ballistic movement
Guided movement
is movement that occurs when both the agonist and the antagonist contract to control the movement.
ex: writing
The human body has three imaginary planes that pass through it; each plane is perpendicular to each of the other two. (what are they?)
Frontal, Sagittal, Transverse
sagittal (anteroposterior) plane
“sides” divides the body into left and right portions
frontal (coronal) plane:
separates “front/back” or anterior and posterior
transverse (horizontal) plane:
Separates the body into “top” superior and inferior (bottom) sections.
Six primary movements occur at the joints between the body segments:
flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction
Flexion is
a decrease in the angle between two body segments.
on the arm curl machine, flexion takes place at
the elbow
lateral flexion or
bending sideways
ulnar flexion or
bending the wrist toward the pinky side of the hand
radial flexion or
bending the wrist toward the thumb side
dorsiflexion
toes up
plantarflexion
toes down
Extension is
an increase in the angle between two body segments, or the return from flexion
Hyperextension is
the increase in the angle beyond the anatomical point of normal joint movement.
Abduction is
the movement of a body segment away from the midline.
Examples of abduction include:
a dumbbell lateral raise, spreading of the fingers or toes, or the legs moving apart on a hip abductor machine.
Adduction is
the movement of a body segment toward the midline, or the return from abduction, as on the hip adductor machine when the legs come together.
Rotation is
the circular movement of a body segment about a long axis
Pronation is
the rotation of the forearm to the palms-down position (as in a basketball dribble or on the seated chest press machine).
Supination is
the rotation of the forearm segment to the palms-up position (as in doing a standard curl on the arm curl machine).
Eversion (also called pronation of the foot) is the
outward tilting of the sole of the foot
Inversion (also called supination of the foot) is the
inward tilting of the sole of the foot—a common cause of ankle injuries.
Circumduction is
the sequential combination of movements outlining a geometric cone (arm circles)
