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Human Anatomy > Unit 4_The Bony Thorax & Muscles > Flashcards

Unit 4_The Bony Thorax & Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What encompasses the bony thorax and thoracic wall?

A

Bony cage

Protects the Thoracic Viscera
- Heart
- Lungs
- Large Blood Vessels

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2
Q

The Midclavicular Line, Anterior and Posterior Axillary Line, Midsternal Line, and Paravertebral Line make up what landmarks?

A

External Landmarks of the bony thorax and thoracic wall

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3
Q

How many pairs of ribs make up the anterior and posterior boundaries of the thorax?

A

12

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4
Q

How many pairs of intercostal spaces make up the anterior and posterior boundaries of the thorax?

A

11

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5
Q

What kind of cartilage is included in the thorax?

A

Costal Cartilage (hyaline)

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6
Q

How many parts make up the sternum?

A

3-parts

Manubrium

Body

Xiphoid Process

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7
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae make up the posterior boundaries of the thorax?

A

12

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8
Q

What ribs does the scapula cover in the posterior boundary of the thorax?

A

Ribs 2-6

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9
Q

What covers the inferior thoracic outlet?

A

Diaphragm

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10
Q

What do the following structures make up?

Suprasternal notch (jugular notch)

Clavicular notch

Notch for Costal cartilage of 1st rib

A

Sternum-Manubrium

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11
Q

What supports the articulation of the body of the sternum with the manubrium?

A

The sternal angle (Louis)-called the manubriosternal joint

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12
Q

What articulates with the sternum body?

A

Articular facets-costal cartilages of ribs 3-6

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13
Q

What does the Xiphoid process articulate with for the costal cartilage of 7th rib and ossifies at ~15-30 years of age?

A

Xiphisternal Joint

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14
Q

What are ribs 1-7 known as and each attach (via costal cartilage) directly to the sternum from anteriorly?

A

True ribs

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15
Q

What are ribs 8-10 known as and attach to the sternum via the costal cartilage of the 7th rib?

A

False ribs

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16
Q

What are ribs 11-12 known as, do not attach to the sternum and have hyaline cartilage?

A

Floating ribs

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17
Q

What kind of ribs are 3-9 and include the following:

Angle

Head

Neck

Tubercle

Costal Groove

Sternal Extremity

Articular facet of tubercle of rib

Superior articular facet of head of rib

Inferior articular facet of head of rib

A

Typical Ribs

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18
Q

What kind of ribs are 1-2, 10-12?

A

Atypical ribs

Rib 1
Flat
No Costal Groove
No Angle
Note: Scalene Tubercle & Groove for the Subclavian A.

Rib 2
Flat
Angle closer to Tubercle

Ribs 10-12
Single articular facet on the head

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19
Q

What kind of joints are the Costovertebral and Transversocostal of the thorax?

A

Gliding Joints

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20
Q

What kind of joint is the Sternocostal joint of the thorax?

A

Cartilagenous joint

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21
Q

How many pairs of intercostal nerves (T1-T11) are there?

A

11

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22
Q

Where do the intercostal nerves lie (T1-T12)?

A

In the intercostal spaces

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23
Q

What do the intercostal nerves (T1-T11) supply?

A

General sensation to the bony thorax

Innervation to the intercostal muscles

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24
Q

Where does the subcostal nerve (T12) lie?

A

Below the 12th rib

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25
Q

What does the subcostal nerve help to supply innervation to?

A

Abdominal muscles

26
Q

How many pairs of posterior intercostal arteries are there?

A

11

27
Q

Where do the posterior intercostal arteries 3-11 arise from?

A

Thoracic Aorta

28
Q

Where do the posterior intercostal arteries 1-2 arise from?

A

Costocervical Trunk (br. of the Subclavian A.)

29
Q

How many pairs of anterior intercostal arteries are there?

A

11

30
Q

Where do the anterior intercostal arteries 1-6 arise from?

A

Internal Thoracic Artery (br. of the Subclavian Artery)

31
Q

Where do the anterior intercostal arteries 7-11 arise from?

A

Musculophrenic (artery) branch of the Internal thoracic artery

32
Q

What veins make up the intercostal veins?

A

Anterior Intercostal Vein

Posterior Intercostal Vein

33
Q

How many pairs of external intercostal muscles are there?

A

11

34
Q

Where do the external intercostal muscles begin and end?

A

Begin at the Spine

End in the Parasternal Area-Anterior Axillary Line

35
Q

Where do the external intercostal muscles attach to?

A

Sternum via External Intercostal Membrane

36
Q

What do the external intercostal muscles facilitate?

A

Inhalation

37
Q

How many pairs of internal intercostal muscles are there?

A

11

38
Q

Where are the internal intercostal muscles located?

A

Deep to External Intercostals

39
Q

Where do the internal intercostal muscles originate?

A

Sternum

40
Q

Where do the internal intercostal muscles attach to?

A

Internal Intercostal Membrane

41
Q

What do the internal intercostal muscles facilitate?

A

Forced Exhalation

42
Q

How many pairs of innermost intercostal muscles are there?

A

11

43
Q

Where are the innermost intercostal muscles located?

A

Deep to Internal Innercostals

44
Q

What do the innermost intercostal muscles facilitate?

A

Forced exhalation

45
Q

What is one procedure done when the Midsternal Line is cut?

A

Mid sternotomy

46
Q

What is the space between the ribs called?

A

Intercostal Space

47
Q

What is the space below the 12th rib called?

A

Subcostal Space

48
Q

What is the right/left diaphragm also called?

A

Hemi-diaphragm

49
Q

What side of the body does the diaphragm sit?

A

Right side

50
Q

What do typical ribs articulate with?

A

Costal Facet

51
Q

What rib do ribs articulate with?

A

The rib below articulates with the rib above

52
Q

What virus lies dormant in the spinal cord and if it comes under stress, can express itself as pain, in a rash via the anterior cutaneous branch as part of the intercostal nerves.

A

Chickenpox

53
Q

What single branch of the anterior intercostal arteries of the lower 5 ribs goes into the abdominal/stomach area?

A

Superior epigastric branch

54
Q

What structure on the right side turns into the subclavian artery?

A

Brachiocephalic Trunk

55
Q

What are the branches of the subclavian artery?

A

Internal Thoracic Artery (Posterior/Lateral to the sternum)

Costocervical Trunk (intercostal arteries come off = 1st deep cervical 2nd supreme thoracic)

Vertebral Artery

56
Q

How do the external intercostal muscles run?

A

Fibers pass downward and forward

57
Q

How do the internal intercostal muscles run?

A

Fibers pass downward and backward

58
Q

How do the innermost intercostal muscles run?

A

Fibers run in the same direction as the Internal Intercostals

59
Q

What does the costal cartilage-2nd rib articulate with?

A

Sternal angle (Louis)-called the manubriosternal joint

60
Q

How are the intercostal nerves created?

A

Spinal cord –> dorsal root (spinal ganglion)/ventral root –> spinal nerve –> dorsal ramus/ventral ramus

Ventral ramus –> Lateral cutaneous branches = sensation in the thorax

Ventral ramus –> Anterior cutaneous branch = sensation (pain, temperature, etc)

VPR branches also give off motor branches to intercostal muscles and some abdominal region muscles

Human Anatomy (31 decks)

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