Unit 4_The Bony Thorax & Muscles

Question 1

What encompasses the bony thorax and thoracic wall?

Answer 1

Bony cage

Protects the Thoracic Viscera
- Heart
- Lungs
- Large Blood Vessels

Question 2

The Midclavicular Line, Anterior and Posterior Axillary Line, Midsternal Line, and Paravertebral Line make up what landmarks?

Answer 2

External Landmarks of the bony thorax and thoracic wall

Question 3

How many pairs of ribs make up the anterior and posterior boundaries of the thorax?

Answer 3

12

Question 4

How many pairs of intercostal spaces make up the anterior and posterior boundaries of the thorax?

Answer 4

11

Question 5

What kind of cartilage is included in the thorax?

Answer 5

Costal Cartilage (hyaline)

Question 6

How many parts make up the sternum?

Answer 6

3-parts

Manubrium

Body

Xiphoid Process

Question 7

How many thoracic vertebrae make up the posterior boundaries of the thorax?

Answer 7

12

Question 8

What ribs does the scapula cover in the posterior boundary of the thorax?

Answer 8

Ribs 2-6

Question 9

What covers the inferior thoracic outlet?

Answer 9

Diaphragm

Question 10

What do the following structures make up?

Suprasternal notch (jugular notch)

Clavicular notch

Notch for Costal cartilage of 1st rib

Answer 10

Sternum-Manubrium

Question 11

What supports the articulation of the body of the sternum with the manubrium?

Answer 11

The sternal angle (Louis)-called the manubriosternal joint

Question 12

What articulates with the sternum body?

Answer 12

Articular facets-costal cartilages of ribs 3-6

Question 13

What does the Xiphoid process articulate with for the costal cartilage of 7th rib and ossifies at ~15-30 years of age?

Answer 13

Xiphisternal Joint

Question 14

What are ribs 1-7 known as and each attach (via costal cartilage) directly to the sternum from anteriorly?

Answer 14

True ribs

Question 15

What are ribs 8-10 known as and attach to the sternum via the costal cartilage of the 7th rib?

Answer 15

False ribs

Question 16

What are ribs 11-12 known as, do not attach to the sternum and have hyaline cartilage?

Answer 16

Floating ribs

Question 17

What kind of ribs are 3-9 and include the following:

Angle

Head

Neck

Tubercle

Costal Groove

Sternal Extremity

Articular facet of tubercle of rib

Superior articular facet of head of rib

Inferior articular facet of head of rib

Answer 17

Typical Ribs

Question 18

What kind of ribs are 1-2, 10-12?

Answer 18

Atypical ribs

Rib 1
Flat
No Costal Groove
No Angle
Note: Scalene Tubercle & Groove for the Subclavian A.

Rib 2
Flat
Angle closer to Tubercle

Ribs 10-12
Single articular facet on the head

Question 19

What kind of joints are the Costovertebral and Transversocostal of the thorax?

Answer 19

Gliding Joints

Question 20

What kind of joint is the Sternocostal joint of the thorax?

Answer 20

Cartilagenous joint

Question 21

How many pairs of intercostal nerves (T1-T11) are there?

Answer 21

11

Question 22

Where do the intercostal nerves lie (T1-T12)?

Answer 22

In the intercostal spaces

Question 23

What do the intercostal nerves (T1-T11) supply?

Answer 23

General sensation to the bony thorax

Innervation to the intercostal muscles

Question 24

Where does the subcostal nerve (T12) lie?

Answer 24

Below the 12th rib

Question 25

What does the subcostal nerve help to supply innervation to?

Answer 25

Abdominal muscles

Question 26

How many pairs of posterior intercostal arteries are there?

Answer 26

11

Question 27

Where do the posterior intercostal arteries 3-11 arise from?

Answer 27

Thoracic Aorta

Question 28

Where do the posterior intercostal arteries 1-2 arise from?

Answer 28

Costocervical Trunk (br. of the Subclavian A.)

Question 29

How many pairs of anterior intercostal arteries are there?

Answer 29

11

Question 30

Where do the anterior intercostal arteries 1-6 arise from?

Answer 30

Internal Thoracic Artery (br. of the Subclavian Artery)

Question 31

Where do the anterior intercostal arteries 7-11 arise from?

Answer 31

Musculophrenic (artery) branch of the Internal thoracic artery

Question 32

What veins make up the intercostal veins?

Answer 32

Anterior Intercostal Vein Posterior Intercostal Vein

Question 33

How many pairs of external intercostal muscles are there?

Answer 33

11

Question 34

Where do the external intercostal muscles begin and end?

Answer 34

Begin at the Spine End in the Parasternal Area-Anterior Axillary Line

Question 35

Where do the external intercostal muscles attach to?

Answer 35

Sternum via External Intercostal Membrane

Question 36

What do the external intercostal muscles facilitate?

Answer 36

Inhalation

Question 37

How many pairs of internal intercostal muscles are there?

Answer 37

11

Question 38

Where are the internal intercostal muscles located?

Answer 38

Deep to External Intercostals

Question 39

Where do the internal intercostal muscles originate?

Answer 39

Sternum

Question 40

Where do the internal intercostal muscles attach to?

Answer 40

Internal Intercostal Membrane

Question 41

What do the internal intercostal muscles facilitate?

Answer 41

Forced Exhalation

Question 42

How many pairs of innermost intercostal muscles are there?

Answer 42

11

Question 43

Where are the innermost intercostal muscles located?

Answer 43

Deep to Internal Innercostals

Question 44

What do the innermost intercostal muscles facilitate?

Answer 44

Forced exhalation

Question 45

What is one procedure done when the Midsternal Line is cut?

Answer 45

Mid sternotomy

Question 46

What is the space between the ribs called?

Answer 46

Intercostal Space

Question 47

What is the space below the 12th rib called?

Answer 47

Subcostal Space

Question 48

What is the right/left diaphragm also called?

Answer 48

Hemi-diaphragm

Question 49

What side of the body does the diaphragm sit?

Answer 49

Right side

Question 50

What do typical ribs articulate with?

Answer 50

Costal Facet

Question 51

What rib do ribs articulate with?

Answer 51

The rib below articulates with the rib above

Question 52

What virus lies dormant in the spinal cord and if it comes under stress, can express itself as pain, in a rash via the anterior cutaneous branch as part of the intercostal nerves.

Answer 52

Chickenpox

Question 53

What single branch of the anterior intercostal arteries of the lower 5 ribs goes into the abdominal/stomach area?

Answer 53

Superior epigastric branch

Question 54

What structure on the right side turns into the subclavian artery?

Answer 54

Brachiocephalic Trunk

Question 55

What are the branches of the subclavian artery?

Answer 55

Internal Thoracic Artery (Posterior/Lateral to the sternum) Costocervical Trunk (intercostal arteries come off = 1st deep cervical 2nd supreme thoracic) Vertebral Artery

Question 56

How do the external intercostal muscles run?

Answer 56

Fibers pass downward and forward

Question 57

How do the internal intercostal muscles run?

Answer 57

Fibers pass downward and backward

Question 58

How do the innermost intercostal muscles run?

Answer 58

Fibers run in the same direction as the Internal Intercostals

Question 59

What does the costal cartilage-2nd rib articulate with?

Answer 59

Sternal angle (Louis)-called the manubriosternal joint

Question 60

How are the intercostal nerves created?

Answer 60

Spinal cord --> dorsal root (spinal ganglion)/ventral root --> spinal nerve --> dorsal ramus/ventral ramus Ventral ramus --> Lateral cutaneous branches = sensation in the thorax Ventral ramus --> Anterior cutaneous branch = sensation (pain, temperature, etc) VPR branches also give off motor branches to intercostal muscles and some abdominal region muscles