Unit 1_Forearm

Question 1

What is another name for the forearm?

Answer 1

Antebrachium

Question 2

What are the bony structures of the forearm?

Answer 2

Radius
Ulna
3 Radioulnar Joints: Proximal (Superior), Distal (Inferior), Middle

Question 3

If a person lands on their hand, and there is a force that goes up the radius, what fibers prevent the radius from dislocating superiorly?

Answer 3

Interosseous membrane of the forearm

Question 4

What keeps the proximal and distal radioulnar joints together in the forearm? It doesn’t stretch, but folds well.

Answer 4

Interosseous membrane of the forearm

Question 5

What bone rotates in the forearm?

Answer 5

The radius rotates over the ulna in the forearm

Question 6

What bone is small at the distal forearm?

Answer 6

The ulna

Question 7

What bone is big at the distal forearm and provides stability?

Answer 7

The radius

Question 8

What bone stays put in supination/pronation?

Answer 8

The ulna; radius rotates

Question 9

What bone rotates in supination/pronation?

Answer 9

The radius; the ulna stays put

Question 10

What joint rotates at the distal end of the forearm?

Answer 10

The radioulnar joint

Question 11

What bone structure is easy to palpate in the forearm and used as a place to find the anatomical snuff box?

Answer 11

The radial styloid process

Question 12

What bony structures in the forearm are sharp like a pen?

Answer 12

The radial styloid process and the ulnar styloid process

Question 13

What joint in the forearm is a pivot joint that provides rotation of the radial head in the radial notch of the ulna?

Answer 13

Proximal radioulnar joint

Question 14

What joint in the forearm is a pivot joint that provides rotation of the distal radius around the ulnar head and articulation at the ulnar notch of the radius?

Answer 14

Distal radioulnar joint

Question 15

What joint in the forearm is a syndesmosis joint (not a true joint), has parallel shafts of the radius and ulna, and is stabilized by the interosseous membrane?

Answer 15

Middle radioulnar joint

Question 16

What ligaments in the forearm provide distal radioulnar joint support?

Answer 16

Anterior (Palmer) Radioulnar Ligament

Posterior Radioulnar Ligament

Question 17

What is a pillow-like structure that has superficial and deep radial-ulnar ligaments, has two disc carpal ligaments (disc-lunate (D-L) and Disc-triquetral (D-T)), a central articular disc that is fibrocartilage and prevents the ulna from damaging the hand or carpal bones?

Answer 17

Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex (TFCC)

Question 18

What motion is provided by dynamic stabilizers in the forearm?

Answer 18

Pronation

Question 19

What muscles in the forearm work together to pull the radius over the ulna to provide pronation as well as stability?

Answer 19

Pronator Teres
Pronator Quadratus

Question 20

What muscle in the forearm provides function in active pronation, passive stabilization during supination, and protects the distal radiulnar joint?

Answer 20

Pronator Quadratus

Question 21

What is continuation of the brachial fascia that begins at the humeral epicondyles and provides stability in the forearm?

Answer 21

Antebrachial Fascia

Question 22

What artery bifurcates at the cubital fossa into the radial artery and ulnar artery?

Answer 22

Brachial artery

Question 23

What structures make up the interosseous membrane?

Answer 23

Common interosseous membrane (off the ulnar nerve)
Posterior interosseous membrane (Back of forearm)
Anterior interosseous membrane (Front of forearm)

Question 24

Where is the pulse typically taken?

Answer 24

The radial artery side, but can still take pulse on ulnar artery side because the artery wraps around the hand

Question 25

What muscle compartments make up the forearm/wrist and extrinsic hand?

Answer 25

Volar (Palmer, Anterior) Compartment Dorsal (Posterior) Compartment Mobile Wad of Three Compartment

Question 26

What muscles make up the Volar (Palmer, Anterior) Compartment in the forearm/wrist and extrinsic hand?

Answer 26

Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Pollicis Longus Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Flexor Digitorum Profundus Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Question 27

What muscles make up the Dorsal (Posterior) Compartment in the forearm/wrist and extrinsic hand?

Answer 27

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Extensor Digitorum Communis Extensor Digiti Minimi Extensor Pollicis Longus Abductor Pollicis Longus

Question 28

What muscles make up the Mobile Wad of Three Compartment in the forearm/wrist and extrinsic hand?

Answer 28

Brachioradialis (elbow) Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

Question 29

What muscles provide flexion of the wrist?

Answer 29

Flexor carpi radialis Flexor carpi ulnaris Palmaris longus (13% of the population doesn't have; we don't use as we don't have claws (cats use to retract claws))

Question 30

What is an injury to the common flexor tendon?

Answer 30

Golfer's Elbow (Medial Epicondylitis) Many flexor muscles originate at the medial epicondyle

Question 31

What muscles flex the digits (extrinsic hand muscles)?

Answer 31

Flexor digitorum superficialis (radial attachment) Flexor digitorum profundus Flexor pollicis longus

Question 32

What are two flexor muscles that support the grip in our hand?

Answer 32

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (FDS) Flexor Digitorum Profundus (FDP)

Question 33

What flexor muscle attaches to the index through the small fingers, including the distal phalanx?

Answer 33

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

Question 34

What flexor muscle attaches to the middle phalanx via 2 tendons?

Answer 34

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

Question 35

What nerves make up the forearm?

Answer 35

Median nerve Radial nerve Ulnar nerve

Question 36

What nerve in the forearm is the dominant nerve to the anterior compartment of the forearm and comes through the carpal tunnel when it gets to the wrist that provides fine motor and thumb control?

Answer 36

Median nerve

Question 37

What nerve supports the posterior compartments of the arm and forearm?

Answer 37

Radial nerve

Question 38

What nerve is the dominant nerve to the muscles of the hand, and comes from the funny bone down the medial side, and switches sides to the radial side of the hand?

Answer 38

Ulnar nerve

Question 39

What does the musculocutaneous nerve provide to the forearm?

Answer 39

Sensation for the forearm via the cutaneous nerve

Question 40

What occurs when the ulnar nerve gets pinched at the elbow?

Answer 40

Cubital Tunnel Syndrome; numbness

Question 41

What nerves provide forearm sensation?

Answer 41

Lateral/anterolateral-Lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve (Musculocutaneous nerve branch) Medial/anteromedial-Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve Posterior-Posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve (Radial nerve branch)

Question 42

What innervates the forearm flexors (Pronator Quadratus and Flexor Pollicis Longus)?

Answer 42

Anterior interosseous branch of median nerve

Question 43

What superficial forearm muscles originate at the lateral epicondyle via the common extensor tendon?

Answer 43

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Extensor Digitorum Extensor Digiti Minimi Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

Question 44

What superficial forearm muscles originate at the lateral supracondylar ridge?

Answer 44

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Supinator Brachioradialis

Question 45

What condition occurs when finger and extensor muscles become irritated and is also known as Lateral Epicondylitis?

Answer 45

Tennis elbow

Question 46

What muscles extend the wrist?

Answer 46

Extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL) (origin is the lateral supracondyle ridge) Extensor carpi radialis brevis Externsor carpi ulnaris

Question 47

What muscles originate at the Lateral Epicondyle via the Common Extensor Tendon?

Answer 47

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Extensor Digitorum Extensor Digiti Minimi Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

Question 48

What muscles originate at the Supracondyler Ridge?

Answer 48

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Supinator Brachioradialis

Question 49

What muscles contribute to supination of the forearm?

Answer 49

Supinator/Biceps Brachioradialis

Question 50

What muscles extend the digits?

Answer 50

Extensor Digitorum Extensor Digiti Minimi Extensor Indicis

Question 51

What muscles extend/radially abduct the thumb?

Answer 51

Abductor Pollicis Longus Extensor Pollicis Brevis Extensor Pollicis Longus

Question 52

What is an important feature of the distal radius that gives the ability to extend the tip of the thumb?

Answer 52

Lister's Tubercle

Question 53

What 3 muscles surround the anatomical snuff box?

Answer 53

Abductor Pollicis Longus Extensor Pollicis Brevis Extensor Pollicis Longus

Question 54

What 3 structures are included in the anatomical snuff box?

Answer 54

Radial artery Cephalic vein Superficial radial nerve