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Human Anatomy > Unit 2_The Foot/Ankle > Flashcards

Unit 2_The Foot/Ankle Flashcards

1
Q

What is a hinge joint (uniaxial) that allows flexion/plantar flexion and extension/dorsiflexion?

A

Ankle (Talocrural)

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2
Q

What’s another name for the ankle joint?

A

Talocrural Joint

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3
Q

What is a joint of the ankle that includes articulation of the talus and calcaneus and allows inversion (sole turns in) and eversion (sole turns out)?

A

Subtalar Joint

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4
Q

What ligaments are also known as the Deltoid Ligament (medial collateral ligaments) and make up the medial side of the ankle? These ligaments help prevent an eversion sprain.

A

Anterior Tibiotalar Ligament

Tibionavicular Ligament

Tibiocalcaneal Ligament

Posterior Tibiotalar Ligament

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5
Q

What motion stresses the medial side of the ankle?

A

Eversion

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6
Q

What ligaments are known as the Lateral Collateral Ligaments of the ankle and are surrounded by the superior fibular retinaculum and inferior fibular retinaculum?

A

Anterior Talofibular Ligament (ATFL)

Calcaneofibular Ligament

Posterior Talofibular Ligament (PTFL)

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7
Q

What Lateral Collateral Ligament of the ankle is most often sprained/injured?

A

Anterior Talofibular Ligament (ATFL)

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8
Q

How do you assess the mobility of the ankle?

A

Anterior Drawer of the Ankle Test

Stabilize the tibula and fibula and provide an anterior glide. Looking for excess translation comparatively side-by-side

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9
Q

What are coverings of the anterior leg and dorsum of the foot to hold the tendons in place?

A

Superior Extensor Retinaculum

Inferior Extensor Retinaculum (Crural Cruciate Ligament)

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10
Q

What are coverings of the posterolateral ankle to hold tendons of fibularis longus and brevis mm in place?

A

Peroneal Tunnel
- Superior Fibular Retinaculum
- Inferior Fibular Retinaculum

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11
Q

What are coverings of the posterior compartment to hold the Tibialis posterior tendon, Flexor digitorum longus tendon, Posterior tibial artery and vein, Tibial nerve, and Flexor hallucis longus tendon of the leg found on the ankle?

A

Flexor Retinaculum

Tarsal Tunnel

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12
Q

What are the 7 tarsal bones of the foot?

A

Cuboid

Talus

Calcaneus

Navicular

3 Cuneiforms (medial, intermediate, lateral)

“Come To Canada Next Christmas”

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13
Q

What are the bones of the foot?

A

Tarsal bones (proximal), Metatarsal bones, Phalanges of the foot

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14
Q

What are the joints of the foot?

A

Intertarsal Joints

Tarsometatarsal Joints

Metatarsophalangeal Joints

Interphalangeal Joints

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15
Q

What joints of the foot are gliding joints (for flexibility) and are found between the tarsal bones?

A

Intermetatarsal Joints

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16
Q

What joints of the foot are gliding joints and are found between the distal row of tarsal bones and the base of the metatarsals?

A

Tarsometatarsal Joints

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17
Q

What joints of the foot are condyloid joints and allow for dorsiflexion/plantar flexion, abduction/adduction?

A

Metatarsophalangeal Joints

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18
Q

What joints of the foot are hinge joints and allow for dorsiflexion/plantar flexion?

A

Interphalangeal Joints

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19
Q

What are the arches of the foot?

A

Medial and Lateral Arches

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20
Q

What extrinsic muscle tendons support the arch of the foot?

A

Tendon of Tibialis Anterior

Tendon of Tibialis Posterior

Flexor Hallucis Longus

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21
Q

What muscle supports elevating the arch?

A

Fibularis Longus

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22
Q

What bony prominence on the upper portion of the calcaneus allows for the Flexor Hallucis Longus to assist with elevation of the calcaneus?

A

Sustenaculum Tali

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23
Q

What structures support the arches of the foot?

A

Dynamic support provided by ligaments, bones, intrinsic foot muscles, and tendons of extrinsic muscles

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24
Q

What is a fallen arch or “flat foot” that can result from an injury, polyneuropothy, and/or someone may be born with it known as?

A

Pes Planus

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25
Q

What is toe extension known as?

A

Dorsiflexion

26
Q

What is toe flexion known as?

A

Plantar flexion

27
Q

What is toe adduction?

A

Moving towards the second toe

*2nd toe is plane of reference

28
Q

What is toe abduction?

A

Moving away from the second toe

*2nd toe is plane of reference

29
Q

What is the layer of the foot that arises from the medial calcaneus?

A

Plantar Aponeurosis

30
Q

What issue can result in a lack of dorsiflexion in the foot when the fascia gets irritated at the calcaneus attachment and can lead to heel spurs and other severe conditions?

A

Plantar Fasciitis

31
Q

What intrinsic muscles are included in layer 1 of the foot?

A

Abductor Hallucis

Flexor Digitorum Brevis

Abductor Digiti Minimi

“AFA”

32
Q

What intrinsic muscle of the foot in layer 1 arises off the calcaneus, attaches to the base of the first phalange (great toe), and allows for pulling away the great toe from the second toe (abduction)?

A

Abductor Hallucis

33
Q

What intrinsic muscle of the foot in layer 1 has four tendons that branch off to the middle phalanges of the 2-5th toes?

A

Flexor Digitorum Brevis

34
Q

What intrinsic muscle of the foot in layer 1 arises from the lateral calcaneus to the proximal phalanx of the 5th toe?

A

Abductor Digiti Minimi

35
Q

What does the Flexor Digitorum Brevis attach distally to?

A

Middle Phalanx

36
Q

What does the Flexor Digitorum Longus attach distally to?

A

Distal Phalanx

37
Q

What intrinsic muscles are included in layer 2 of the foot?

A

2 muscles:
Quadratus Plantae
Lumbricals

2 tendons:
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Flexor Hollicis Longus

“2 2 2”

38
Q

What intrinsic muscle in layer 2 of the foot arises from the plantar calcaneus, grabs onto the tendon of Flexor Digitorum Longus, and assists with toe flexion?

A

Quadratus Plantae

39
Q

What intrinsic muscles in layer 2 of the foot are toe flexor booster muscles, originate from tendons of Flexor Digitorum Longus, and are numbered from the Great toe laterally?

A

Lumbricals

40
Q

What two tendons are in layer 2 of the intrinsic muscles of the foot?

A

Flexor Digitorum Longus

Flexor Hallucis Longus

41
Q

What intrinsic muscles are included in layer 3 of the foot?

A

Flexor Hallucis Brevis

Adductor Hallucis

Flexor Digiti Minimi

“FAF”

42
Q

What intrinsic muscle in layer 3 of the foot is underneath the tendon of Flexor Hallucis Longus and arises from the cuboid to the base of the distal phalanx?

A

Flexor Hallucis Brevis

43
Q

What intrinsic muscle in layer 3 of the foot arises from across the metatarsal phalangeal joints to the proximal phalanx of the first toe and assists with adduction of the great toe?

A

Adductor Hallucis

44
Q

What intrinsic muscle in layer 3 of the foot arises off the base of the fifth toe to the proximal phalanx?

A

Flexor Digiti Minimi

45
Q

What intrinsic muscles are included in layer 4 of the foot?

A

4 Dorsal Interossei
- Abduct the toes (DAB) (4)

3 Plantar Interossei
- Adduct the toes (PAD) (3)

46
Q

What toes in the foot have their own abductors?

A

The great toe and little toe

47
Q

What intrinsic muscles are included on the dorsum of the foot?

A

Extensor Digitorum Brevis (toes 2-4)

Extensor Hallucis Brevis (Great toe)

48
Q

What provides motor innervation to the Extensor Hallucis Brevis and Extensor Digitorum Brevis on the dorsum of the foot?

A

Deep Fibular Nerve

49
Q

What artery does the Deep Fibular Nerve run alongside with?

A

Anterior Tibial Artery

50
Q

What provides motor innervation to the plantar intrinsic muscles of the foot?

A

Medial Plantar Nerve

Lateral Plantar Nerve

*Branches of the Tibial Nerve

51
Q

What provides motor innervation to the Flexor Digitorum Brevis and Abductor Hallucis in layer 1 of the plantar intrinsic muscles of the foot?

A

Medial Plantar Nerve

52
Q

What provides motor innervation to the Abductor Digiti Minimi in layer 1 of the plantar intrinsic muscles of the foot?

A

Lateral Plantar Nerve

53
Q

What provides motor innervation to the 1st Lumbrical in layer 2 of the plantar intrinsic muscles of the foot?

A

Medial Plantar Nerve

54
Q

What provides motor innervation to the 2nd-4th Lumbricals and the Quadratus Plantae in layer 2 of the plantar intrinsic muscles of the foot?

A

Lateral Plantar Nerve

55
Q

What is the lateral sural cutaneous nerve a branch of?

A

Common Fibular Nerve

56
Q

What cutaneous nerve provides innervation to the majority of the dorsum of the foot?

A

Superficial Fibular Nerve

57
Q

What cutaneous nerve provides innervation to the upper lateral leg/upper lateral calf?

A

Lateral Sural Cutaneous Nerve

58
Q

What cutaneous nerve provides innervation to the webspace between the great toe and the second toe?

A

Deep Fibular Nerve

59
Q

What nerve provides innervation to the Extensor Digitorum Brevis and Extensor Hallucis Longus?

A

Deep Fibular Nerve

60
Q

What cutaneous nerve provides innervation to the medial and lateral plantar foot?

A

Tibial Nerve –> Lateral Plantar Nerve and Medial Plantar Nerve

61
Q

What arteries support the dorsum of the foot?

A

Dorsalis Pedis Artery (Anterior Tibial Artery) –>

Lateral/Medial Tarsal Arteries –>

Arcuate Artery –>

Dorsal Metatarsal and Dorsal Digital Arteries to 2nd-5th toes

1st Dorsal Metatarsal Artery with Dorsal Digital Arteries –> Passes through the 1st Dorsal Interosseus muscle and forms the Deep Plantar Artery (helps to form the deep plantar arch)

62
Q

What arteries support the plantar foot?

A

Deep Plantar Artery unites with:

Termination of the Medial and Lateral Plantar Arteries

Plantar Metatarsal Arteries

Proper Plantar Digital Arteries

Human Anatomy (18 decks)

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