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Human Anatomy > Unit 4_Abdominal Vessels and Viscera > Flashcards

Unit 4_Abdominal Vessels and Viscera Flashcards

1
Q

What begins at the ascending aorta and aortic arch,
runs in the posterior compartment (inferior mediastinum) down the left side of the body, and pierces through/ends at the aortic hiatus?

A

Thoracic Aorta

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2
Q

What are the following considered to be?

Inferior phrenic aa

Renal aa

Lumbar aa

Gonadal aa
- Testicular in male
- Ovarian in female

Common Iliac aa

External Iliac aa

Internal Iliac aa

A

Paired branches of the Abdominal Aorta

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3
Q

What are the following considered to be?

Celiac trunk

Superior mesenteric a.

Inferior mesenteric a.

A

Unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta

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4
Q

What do the following arteries branch off from?

Common hepatic a

Left gastric a

Splenic a

A

Celiac Trunk

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5
Q

What is formed via the Common Iliac Veins and Renal Veins and is the drainage points of the right and left gonadal veins?

A

Inferior Vena Cava

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6
Q

What side of the vertebral column does the Inferior Vena Cava lay on?

A

Right side

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7
Q

How does the Left Gonadal Vein reach the Inferior Vena Cava?

A

Via the Left Renal Vein

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8
Q

What are the following parts related to?

Cardia

Fundus

Body

Pylorus

A

Stomach

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9
Q

What four lobes make up the liver?

A

Left

Right

Quadrate

Caudate

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10
Q

What makes up the viscera in the upper abdomen?

A

Stomach

Liver

Gall bladder

Spleen

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11
Q

What are the following drainage points for?

Biliary System
- Right/Left Hepatic Ducts
- Common Hepatic Duct
- Gall Bladder and Cystic Duct
- Common Bile Duct + Main pancreatic duct (Empties into duodenum at two openings)

A

Liver/Gall Bladder

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12
Q

Once the Thoracic Aorta pierces through the Aortic Hiatus, what does it turn into?

A

Abdominal Aorta

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13
Q

What are the first paired branches of the Abdominal Aorta that go to the inferior surface of the diaphragm?

A

Inferior Phrenic arteries

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14
Q

What are the second paired branches of the Abdominal Aorta that go to the kidneys?

A

Renal arteries

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15
Q

Where are the kidneys located, and a reason that a person may have back pain when their kidneys are impacted?

A

Posterior body wall

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16
Q

What covers the kidneys?

A

Peritoneum - a pleura/lining

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17
Q

What pair of branches of the Abdominal Aorta perfuse the posterior body wall?

A

Lumbar arteries

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18
Q

What pair of branches of the Abdominal Aorta are used in either gender - male/female?

A

Gonadal arteries

  • Testicular in males
  • Ovarian in females
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19
Q

Once the Abdominal Aorta reaches the L4 vertebral body, what does it bifurcate into?

A

Common Iliac Artery

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20
Q

What does the Common Iliac Artery bifurcate into?

A

External Iliac Artery

Internal Iliac Artery

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21
Q

What does the External Iliac Artery become once it passes deep to the Inguinal Ligament?

A

Femoral Artery

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22
Q

Where does the testicular artery travel to get towards the testes?

A

Inguinal canal

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23
Q

Where does the ovarian artery travel to get to the uterus?

A

Abdominal area

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24
Q

What is the “stalk-like” structure at the top of the abdominal aorta before the abdominal aorta gives off branches?

A

Celiac Trunk

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25
Q

What artery in the abdominal aorta perfuses the proximal aspect of the bowel?

A

Superior Mesenteric Artery

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26
Q

What artery in the abdominal aorta perfuses the lower portion/distal aspect of the bowel?

A

Inferior Mesenteric Artery

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27
Q

What artery that branches off the Celiac Trunk to the right side of the body supplies the liver?

A

Common Hepatic Artery

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28
Q

What artery that branches off the Celiac Trunk to the left side of the body perfuses the most superior curve of the stomach?

A

Left Gastric Artery

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29
Q

What artery that branches off the Celiac Trunk to the left side of the body travels behind the stomach and perfuses the spleen (and the pancreas)?

A

Splenic Artery

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30
Q

What structures does the Left Renal Vein pass over and under to reach the Inferior Vena Cava from the Left Kidney?

A

Passes over the Abdominal Aorta and under the Superior Mesenteric Artery

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31
Q

What pierces through the diaphragm and carries food/ensures food doesn’t backflow?

A

Gastro esophageal junction

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32
Q

What part of the stomach comes down from the esophagus?

A

Cardia

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33
Q

What is located at the top/left rounded part of the stomach?

A

Fundus

34
Q

What is the main part of the stomach known as?

A

Body

35
Q

What is the portion of the stomach located on the bottom/right side?

A

Pylorus

36
Q

What is the part of the stomach that swoops downward into the intestines?

A

Duodenum

37
Q

What is included in the stomach right before the Duodenum to ensure there is no backflow?

A

Pylorus Sphincter

38
Q

What are folds in the stomach to help with digestion?

A

Rugae

39
Q

What is a “fat apron” of the stomach to protect the organs?

A

Mesenteric

40
Q

What C-shaped structure are the following structures included in?

Superior (Bulb)

Descending

Transverse

Ascending

A

Duodenum

41
Q

What structure does the Duodenum lead to?

A

Jejunum

42
Q

What do the right and left Hepatic Ducts come out of?

A

The Right/Left Lobes of the Liver

43
Q

What do the Right/Left Hepatic Ducts form?

A

The Common Hepatic Duct

44
Q

What does the Common Hepatic Duct empty into the Cystic Duct, which empties into the Gallbladder?

A

Bile

45
Q

What duct in the Binary System is a two-way duct (stuff goes in/out)?

A

Cystic Duct

46
Q

Why does the Cystic Duct carry the bile to the Gallbladder?

A

For storage

47
Q

Once the bile gets concentrated/water is removed, it travels back down the Cystic Duct to what Duct?

A

Common Bile Duct

48
Q

What Duct brings in secretions to the Pancreas and break down protein, bile will break down and emulsify fats?

A

Main Pancreatic Duct

49
Q

Where are the secretions from the Common Bile Duct and the Main Pancreatic Duct going to be emptied into?

A

Duodenum at two openings

50
Q

Is it normal for the liver to extend past midline into the abdomen and protrude upward?

A

Yes

51
Q

How many lobes of the liver are there?

A

4

52
Q

How many lobes of the liver can you see from the front?

A

2 (Right/Left)

53
Q

What is a piece of peritoneum between the right/left anterior lobes of the liver that during embryonic life carried deoxygenated blood to the mother?

A

Falciform ligament

54
Q

What side of the liver includes a rectangular area of structures where the hepatic duct, bile duct, and the vein and artery come in?

A

Posterior view

55
Q

What lobes are included on the posterior view of the liver?

A

2 lobes

Quadrate (superior)

Caudate (inferior)

56
Q

What lobe of the liver is more inferior and wraps around where the inferior vena cava comes in on the posterior view?

A

Caudate lobe

57
Q

Where does the gallbladder with cystic duct sit on the liver?

A

Posterior view (green stain)

58
Q

What parts make up the Pancreas?

A

Tail

Body

Neck

Head (lies within the “C” of the Duodenum)

59
Q

What part of the Pancreas points right to the spleen?

A

Tail

60
Q

What is the function of the pancreas?

A

Secretes enzymes:
Insulin and glucagon (maintenance, production, blood levels of glucose)

Helps with breaking down proteins and fats

61
Q

Where does the pancreas dump enzymes?

A

Duodenum

62
Q

What means “of the organs”?

A

Visceral

63
Q

What means “on the body wall”?

A

Parietal

64
Q

What are the kidneys known as due to the 1 layer of protection?

A

Retroperitoneal

65
Q

What comes out of the kidney that heads to the bladder?

A

Ureter

66
Q

What vein comes out of left kidney and attaches onto the left renal vein

A

Left gonadal vein

67
Q

What’s another name for suprarenal glands?

A

Adrenal glands

68
Q

What is secreted in the kidneys and suprarenal glands?

A

Sex hormones (androgens, estrogen)

Corticosteroids (as a hormone - manage stress)

69
Q

In the small bowel, where does the duodenum drain?

A

Into the Jejunum

70
Q

What structures make up the small bowel to help bring digested/almost digested food through?

A

Jejunum (proximal 1/3)

Ileum (distal 2/3; larger/longer)

71
Q

What is the area called where the Ileum comes into the large bowel, in the lower right abdominal cavity?

A

Ileocecal junction

72
Q

What structures make up the large bowel?

A

Caecum

Ascending Colon

Transverse Colon (inferior to the stomach)

Descending Colon

Sigmoid Colon

Rectum (anal canal)

73
Q

What is the bend in the large bowel that is right near the liver?

A

Hepatic Flexure (or Right Colic Flexure)

74
Q

What is the bend in the large bowel that is right near the spleen?

A

Splenic Flexure (or Left Colic Flexure)

75
Q

What does the appendix do?

A

Cause problems (sepsis/bacteria in the body), can get inflammed - lower right quadrant issues

76
Q

What is the location called where the appendix is located?

A

McBurney’s Point

1/3 of the way from ASIS to navel

77
Q

In the GI tract, where do the inferior mesenteric vein and the superior mesenteric vein drain into?

A

Superior Mesenteric Vein —> Hepatic Portal Vein –> the right liver –> the inferior vena cava –> the right atrium

Inferior Mesenteric Vein —> Hepatic Portal Vein —> the left liver

78
Q

What is a disease called when the liver can become damaged via the venous drainage of the GI tract being impacting due to excessive alcohol, drug use?

A

Cirrhosis of the liver

79
Q

What is a system that is utilized when Cirrhosis of the liver occurs?

A

Azygos drainage system (Hepatic portal bypass system)

80
Q

What can occur when the venus plexus system over the esophagus becomes enlarged/expanded and people may have trouble processing food?

A

Esophageal varices

81
Q

What are nodes that are main markers in the lymphatic system?

A

Sentinel nodes

Human Anatomy (31 decks)

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