Unit 4_Abdominal Vessels and Viscera Flashcards
What begins at the ascending aorta and aortic arch,
runs in the posterior compartment (inferior mediastinum) down the left side of the body, and pierces through/ends at the aortic hiatus?
Thoracic Aorta
What are the following considered to be?
Inferior phrenic aa
Renal aa
Lumbar aa
Gonadal aa
- Testicular in male
- Ovarian in female
Common Iliac aa
External Iliac aa
Internal Iliac aa
Paired branches of the Abdominal Aorta
What are the following considered to be?
Celiac trunk
Superior mesenteric a.
Inferior mesenteric a.
Unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta
What do the following arteries branch off from?
Common hepatic a
Left gastric a
Splenic a
Celiac Trunk
What is formed via the Common Iliac Veins and Renal Veins and is the drainage points of the right and left gonadal veins?
Inferior Vena Cava
What side of the vertebral column does the Inferior Vena Cava lay on?
Right side
How does the Left Gonadal Vein reach the Inferior Vena Cava?
Via the Left Renal Vein
What are the following parts related to?
Cardia
Fundus
Body
Pylorus
Stomach
What four lobes make up the liver?
Left
Right
Quadrate
Caudate
What makes up the viscera in the upper abdomen?
Stomach
Liver
Gall bladder
Spleen
What are the following drainage points for?
Biliary System
- Right/Left Hepatic Ducts
- Common Hepatic Duct
- Gall Bladder and Cystic Duct
- Common Bile Duct + Main pancreatic duct (Empties into duodenum at two openings)
Liver/Gall Bladder
Once the Thoracic Aorta pierces through the Aortic Hiatus, what does it turn into?
Abdominal Aorta
What are the first paired branches of the Abdominal Aorta that go to the inferior surface of the diaphragm?
Inferior Phrenic arteries
What are the second paired branches of the Abdominal Aorta that go to the kidneys?
Renal arteries
Where are the kidneys located, and a reason that a person may have back pain when their kidneys are impacted?
Posterior body wall
What covers the kidneys?
Peritoneum - a pleura/lining
What pair of branches of the Abdominal Aorta perfuse the posterior body wall?
Lumbar arteries
What pair of branches of the Abdominal Aorta are used in either gender - male/female?
Gonadal arteries
- Testicular in males
- Ovarian in females
Once the Abdominal Aorta reaches the L4 vertebral body, what does it bifurcate into?
Common Iliac Artery
What does the Common Iliac Artery bifurcate into?
External Iliac Artery
Internal Iliac Artery
What does the External Iliac Artery become once it passes deep to the Inguinal Ligament?
Femoral Artery
Where does the testicular artery travel to get towards the testes?
Inguinal canal
Where does the ovarian artery travel to get to the uterus?
Abdominal area
What is the “stalk-like” structure at the top of the abdominal aorta before the abdominal aorta gives off branches?
Celiac Trunk
What artery in the abdominal aorta perfuses the proximal aspect of the bowel?
Superior Mesenteric Artery
What artery in the abdominal aorta perfuses the lower portion/distal aspect of the bowel?
Inferior Mesenteric Artery
What artery that branches off the Celiac Trunk to the right side of the body supplies the liver?
Common Hepatic Artery
What artery that branches off the Celiac Trunk to the left side of the body perfuses the most superior curve of the stomach?
Left Gastric Artery
What artery that branches off the Celiac Trunk to the left side of the body travels behind the stomach and perfuses the spleen (and the pancreas)?
Splenic Artery
What structures does the Left Renal Vein pass over and under to reach the Inferior Vena Cava from the Left Kidney?
Passes over the Abdominal Aorta and under the Superior Mesenteric Artery
What pierces through the diaphragm and carries food/ensures food doesn’t backflow?
Gastro esophageal junction
What part of the stomach comes down from the esophagus?
Cardia
What is located at the top/left rounded part of the stomach?
Fundus
What is the main part of the stomach known as?
Body
What is the portion of the stomach located on the bottom/right side?
Pylorus
What is the part of the stomach that swoops downward into the intestines?
Duodenum
What is included in the stomach right before the Duodenum to ensure there is no backflow?
Pylorus Sphincter
What are folds in the stomach to help with digestion?
Rugae
What is a “fat apron” of the stomach to protect the organs?
Mesenteric
What C-shaped structure are the following structures included in?
Superior (Bulb)
Descending
Transverse
Ascending
Duodenum
What structure does the Duodenum lead to?
Jejunum
What do the right and left Hepatic Ducts come out of?
The Right/Left Lobes of the Liver
What do the Right/Left Hepatic Ducts form?
The Common Hepatic Duct
What does the Common Hepatic Duct empty into the Cystic Duct, which empties into the Gallbladder?
Bile
What duct in the Binary System is a two-way duct (stuff goes in/out)?
Cystic Duct
Why does the Cystic Duct carry the bile to the Gallbladder?
For storage
Once the bile gets concentrated/water is removed, it travels back down the Cystic Duct to what Duct?
Common Bile Duct
What Duct brings in secretions to the Pancreas and break down protein, bile will break down and emulsify fats?
Main Pancreatic Duct
Where are the secretions from the Common Bile Duct and the Main Pancreatic Duct going to be emptied into?
Duodenum at two openings
Is it normal for the liver to extend past midline into the abdomen and protrude upward?
Yes
How many lobes of the liver are there?
4
How many lobes of the liver can you see from the front?
2 (Right/Left)
What is a piece of peritoneum between the right/left anterior lobes of the liver that during embryonic life carried deoxygenated blood to the mother?
Falciform ligament
What side of the liver includes a rectangular area of structures where the hepatic duct, bile duct, and the vein and artery come in?
Posterior view
What lobes are included on the posterior view of the liver?
2 lobes
Quadrate (superior)
Caudate (inferior)
What lobe of the liver is more inferior and wraps around where the inferior vena cava comes in on the posterior view?
Caudate lobe
Where does the gallbladder with cystic duct sit on the liver?
Posterior view (green stain)
What parts make up the Pancreas?
Tail
Body
Neck
Head (lies within the “C” of the Duodenum)
What part of the Pancreas points right to the spleen?
Tail
What is the function of the pancreas?
Secretes enzymes:
Insulin and glucagon (maintenance, production, blood levels of glucose)
Helps with breaking down proteins and fats
Where does the pancreas dump enzymes?
Duodenum
What means “of the organs”?
Visceral
What means “on the body wall”?
Parietal
What are the kidneys known as due to the 1 layer of protection?
Retroperitoneal
What comes out of the kidney that heads to the bladder?
Ureter
What vein comes out of left kidney and attaches onto the left renal vein
Left gonadal vein
What’s another name for suprarenal glands?
Adrenal glands
What is secreted in the kidneys and suprarenal glands?
Sex hormones (androgens, estrogen)
Corticosteroids (as a hormone - manage stress)
In the small bowel, where does the duodenum drain?
Into the Jejunum
What structures make up the small bowel to help bring digested/almost digested food through?
Jejunum (proximal 1/3)
Ileum (distal 2/3; larger/longer)
What is the area called where the Ileum comes into the large bowel, in the lower right abdominal cavity?
Ileocecal junction
What structures make up the large bowel?
Caecum
Ascending Colon
Transverse Colon (inferior to the stomach)
Descending Colon
Sigmoid Colon
Rectum (anal canal)
What is the bend in the large bowel that is right near the liver?
Hepatic Flexure (or Right Colic Flexure)
What is the bend in the large bowel that is right near the spleen?
Splenic Flexure (or Left Colic Flexure)
What does the appendix do?
Cause problems (sepsis/bacteria in the body), can get inflammed - lower right quadrant issues
What is the location called where the appendix is located?
McBurney’s Point
1/3 of the way from ASIS to navel
In the GI tract, where do the inferior mesenteric vein and the superior mesenteric vein drain into?
Superior Mesenteric Vein —> Hepatic Portal Vein –> the right liver –> the inferior vena cava –> the right atrium
Inferior Mesenteric Vein —> Hepatic Portal Vein —> the left liver
What is a disease called when the liver can become damaged via the venous drainage of the GI tract being impacting due to excessive alcohol, drug use?
Cirrhosis of the liver
What is a system that is utilized when Cirrhosis of the liver occurs?
Azygos drainage system (Hepatic portal bypass system)
What can occur when the venus plexus system over the esophagus becomes enlarged/expanded and people may have trouble processing food?
Esophageal varices
What are nodes that are main markers in the lymphatic system?
Sentinel nodes
