Unit 3_Neck and Cervical Triangles

Question 1

What does the Common Carotid artery bifurcate into?

Answer 1

Internal and External Carotid Arteries

Internal will join Circle of Willis

Question 2

On the right side of the body, what gives off the Common Carotid artery?

Answer 2

Brachialcephalic Trunk

Question 3

What arteries branch off the subclavian arteries?

Answer 3

Vertebral Arteries

Question 4

What vein overlies anterior scalene muscle and drains the sinuses near the dura, so the superior petrosal and sigmoid sinuses?

Answer 4

Internal Jugular Vein

Question 5

What vein overlies sternocleidomastoid muscle and mainly drains the facial area?

Answer 5

External Jugular Vein

Question 6

What overlies the sternocleidomastoid and when it thickens it protects the carotid vessels and jugular vessels?

Answer 6

Pre tracheal fascia

Question 7

What are superficial structures of the neck?

Answer 7

Platysma muscle

Sternocleidomastoid muscle

Trapezius muscle

Question 8

What sensory nerve innervates and is found in the neck and head region, wraps around the head and is the base of the skull?

Answer 8

Lesser Occipital Nerve

Question 9

What sensory nerve comes up by the ear and provides cutaneous innervation over the mastoid process and the front of the ear where the carotid gland is located?

Answer 9

Great auricular nerve

Question 10

What sensory nerve provides cutaneous innervation to the anterior lateral neck?

Answer 10

Transverse Cervicle nerve

Question 11

What sensory nerve provides cutaneous innervation to the upper shoulder, pec region?

Answer 11

Supraclavicular nerve

Question 12

What lymph nodes are found in the cervical region?

Answer 12

Submandibular Nodes

Submental Nodes

Cervical Nodes

Question 13

What is the neck divided into by the sternocleidomastoid?

Answer 13

Two triangles:

Posterior

Anterior

Question 14

What are the borders of the Posterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 14

Sternocleidomastoid

Upper Trapezius

Clavicle (middle 1/3)

Question 15

What muscles form the floor of the posterior triangle and are deep to sternocleidomastoid?

Answer 15

Splenius Capitis

Levator Scapulae

Scalene muscles

Inferior belly of omohyoid (omo - “shoulder”)

Question 16

What muscle in the neck has two bellies, is deep to sternocleidomastoid, attaches superiorly to the hyoid bone and inferiorly to the suprascapular notch and depresses the hyoid after swallowing?

Answer 16

Omohyoid muscle

Question 17

What muscle does the brachial plexus lay over?

Answer 17

Middle scalene

Question 18

What contents are below the posterior triangle?

Answer 18

Nerves
- Cutaneous branches of cervical plexus (Erb’s Point*)
- Spinal accessory nerve CN XI
- Supraclavicular part of brachial plexus

Arteries
- Subclavian (*most important artery)
- Transverse cervical
- Suprascapular

Question 19

What does the subclavian artery turn into as it goes into the upper arm?

Answer 19

Axillary artery

Question 20

What is the location point in the neck called where the brachial plexus emerges?

Answer 20

Erb’s Point

Question 21

What are the borders of the anterior cervical triangle?

Answer 21

Sternocleidomastoid

Body of Mandible

Midline of Neck

Question 22

What are the 4 divisions of the anterior triangle?

Answer 22

4 triangles:

• Submental
• Submandibular
• Carotid
• Muscular

Question 23

Where does the Common Carotid artery split?

Answer 23

Carotid Triangle

Question 24

What are the boundaries of the submental triangle?

Answer 24

Anterior belly of the digastric m

Hyoid bone

Mylohyoid m

Question 25

What are the contents of the submental triangle?

Answer 25

Submental lymph nodes Tributaries of anterior jugular v

Question 26

What are the contents of the submandibular triangle?

Answer 26

Submandibular gland Submandibular nodes Facial artery and vein Internal jugular vein Accessory nerve (CNXI) Carotid sheath - Internal jugular v - Internal carotid A - Vagus N (CNX) Hypoglossal nerve (CNXII) External carotid artery

Question 27

What are the boundaries of the carotid triangle?

Answer 27

Anterior border of SCM Posterior belly of digastric m Superior belly of omohyoid m Middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictor m, thyrohyoid m

Question 28

What are the contents of the carotid triangle?

Answer 28

Carotid sheath - Common Carotid artery (bifurcation) - Internal Jugular vein External carotid artery branches - Superior thyroid artery - Lingual and facial arteries Hypoglossal n (CN XII) Accessory n (CN XI) Vagus n (CN X) branches: - Superior laryngeal n (internal and external laryngeal n)

Question 29

What are the boundaries of the muscular triangle?

Answer 29

Midline of neck Superior belly of omohyoid m Anterior border of SCM Sternohyoid m and sternothyroid m

Question 30

What are the contents of the muscular triangle?

Answer 30

Muscles: Strap muscle Viscera: - larynx, trachea - pharynx and esophagus - thyroid and parathyroid glands Vessels: superior and inferior thyroid arteries Nerves: vagus n (superior and recurrent laryngeal branches)

Question 31

What encapsulates around the contents of the submandibular triangle?

Answer 31

Carotid sheath