Unit 3_Neck and Cervical Triangles Flashcards
What does the Common Carotid artery bifurcate into?
Internal and External Carotid Arteries
Internal will join Circle of Willis
On the right side of the body, what gives off the Common Carotid artery?
Brachialcephalic Trunk
What arteries branch off the subclavian arteries?
Vertebral Arteries
What vein overlies anterior scalene muscle and drains the sinuses near the dura, so the superior petrosal and sigmoid sinuses?
Internal Jugular Vein
What vein overlies sternocleidomastoid muscle and mainly drains the facial area?
External Jugular Vein
What overlies the sternocleidomastoid and when it thickens it protects the carotid vessels and jugular vessels?
Pre tracheal fascia
What are superficial structures of the neck?
Platysma muscle
Sternocleidomastoid muscle
Trapezius muscle
What sensory nerve innervates and is found in the neck and head region, wraps around the head and is the base of the skull?
Lesser Occipital Nerve
What sensory nerve comes up by the ear and provides cutaneous innervation over the mastoid process and the front of the ear where the carotid gland is located?
Great auricular nerve
What sensory nerve provides cutaneous innervation to the anterior lateral neck?
Transverse Cervicle nerve
What sensory nerve provides cutaneous innervation to the upper shoulder, pec region?
Supraclavicular nerve
What lymph nodes are found in the cervical region?
Submandibular Nodes
Submental Nodes
Cervical Nodes
What is the neck divided into by the sternocleidomastoid?
Two triangles:
Posterior
Anterior
What are the borders of the Posterior triangle of the neck?
Sternocleidomastoid
Upper Trapezius
Clavicle (middle 1/3)
What muscles form the floor of the posterior triangle and are deep to sternocleidomastoid?
Splenius Capitis
Levator Scapulae
Scalene muscles
Inferior belly of omohyoid (omo - “shoulder”)
What muscle in the neck has two bellies, is deep to sternocleidomastoid, attaches superiorly to the hyoid bone and inferiorly to the suprascapular notch and depresses the hyoid after swallowing?
Omohyoid muscle
What muscle does the brachial plexus lay over?
Middle scalene
What contents are below the posterior triangle?
Nerves
- Cutaneous branches of cervical plexus (Erb’s Point*)
- Spinal accessory nerve CN XI
- Supraclavicular part of brachial plexus
Arteries
- Subclavian (*most important artery)
- Transverse cervical
- Suprascapular
What does the subclavian artery turn into as it goes into the upper arm?
Axillary artery
What is the location point in the neck called where the brachial plexus emerges?
Erb’s Point
What are the borders of the anterior cervical triangle?
Sternocleidomastoid
Body of Mandible
Midline of Neck
What are the 4 divisions of the anterior triangle?
4 triangles:
- Submental
- Submandibular
- Carotid
- Muscular
Where does the Common Carotid artery split?
Carotid Triangle
What are the boundaries of the submental triangle?
Anterior belly of the digastric m
Hyoid bone
Mylohyoid m
What are the contents of the submental triangle?
Submental lymph nodes
Tributaries of anterior jugular v
What are the contents of the submandibular triangle?
Submandibular gland
Submandibular nodes
Facial artery and vein
Internal jugular vein
Accessory nerve (CNXI)
Carotid sheath
- Internal jugular v
- Internal carotid A
- Vagus N (CNX)
Hypoglossal nerve (CNXII)
External carotid artery
What are the boundaries of the carotid triangle?
Anterior border of SCM
Posterior belly of digastric m
Superior belly of omohyoid m
Middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictor m, thyrohyoid m
What are the contents of the carotid triangle?
Carotid sheath
- Common Carotid artery (bifurcation)
- Internal Jugular vein
External carotid artery branches
- Superior thyroid artery
- Lingual and facial arteries
Hypoglossal n (CN XII)
Accessory n (CN XI)
Vagus n (CN X) branches:
- Superior laryngeal n (internal and external laryngeal n)
What are the boundaries of the muscular triangle?
Midline of neck
Superior belly of omohyoid m
Anterior border of SCM
Sternohyoid m and sternothyroid m
What are the contents of the muscular triangle?
Muscles: Strap muscle
Viscera:
- larynx, trachea
- pharynx and esophagus
- thyroid and parathyroid glands
Vessels: superior and inferior thyroid arteries
Nerves: vagus n (superior and recurrent laryngeal branches)
What encapsulates around the contents of the submandibular triangle?
Carotid sheath
