Unit 3_The Brain Flashcards
What directional term related to the CNS means “toward the head”?
Cephalic
What directional term related to the CNS means “toward the front of the head”?
Rostral
What directional term related to the CNS means “toward the tail”?
Caudal
What directional term related to the CNS means “same side”?
Ipsilateral
What directional term related to the CNS means “opposite side”?
Contralateral
What embrionic covering does the CNS form from?
ECTODERM
- Neural
- Epithelial
What includes the Thalmus and Hypothalmus?
Diencephalon
What includes the Cerebral Cortex?
Telencephalon
What includes the Midbrain?
Mesencephalon
What includes the Pons and Cerebellum?
Metencephalon
What includes the Medulla Oblongata?
Myelencephalon
Where are the Midbrain, Pons, and Medulla Oblongata located?
Brainstem
What is located posterior to the brainstem?
Cerebellum
Where is the precentral gyrus located?
Frontal Lobe
Where is the postcentral gyrus located?
Parietal Lobe
What are the lobes of the developed brain?
- Frontal Lobe
- Parietal Lobe
- Occipital Lobe
- Temporal Lobe
- Limbic Lobe
What is the motor cortex of the developed brain that controls gross motor (voluntary) to the limbs and trunk and separates the frontal lobe and parietal lobe?
Central Sulcus
What is the somatosensory cortex of the developed brain that controls all sensory to cortex from the body and is much thinner than the pre-central gyrus?
Postcentral Gyrus
What are the commissural fibers of the brain that connect the two cerebral hemispheres together known as?
Corpus Callosum
What lobe is deep to all of the cerebrum?
Limbic lobe
What is the first gyrus anterior to the central sulcus and is the part of the brain that contains the motor cortex?
Precentral gyrus
What is the internal part of the brain made up of cell bodies where a decision is being made and connections are being routed?
Gray Matter
What is the internal part of the brain where the cell axons of the neurons are located and being transmitted long distances?
White Matter
Why are there wrinkles on the brain?
To increase the surface area
When may the corpus collusum be dissected?
In people with epilepsy
What is included in the external cerebrum?
- Corpus Callosum
- Fornix
- Parietooccipital Sulcus
- Lateral Ventricle with Caudate N
What is included in the Diencephalon?
- Thalamus (2 lobes, largest part)
- Hypothalamus (connected to the pituitary stalk)
- Epithalamus (includes the pineal gland)
- Subthalamus
What holds the two hemispheres of the Thalamus together?
Interthalamic Adhesion
What is the biggest portion of the diencephalon, consists of 2 lobes, includes an interthalamic adhesion, and a 3rd ventricle (space between the 2 thalamic lobes)?
Thalamus
What is the floor of the Thalamus?
Hypothalamus
What is the roof of the Thalamus connecting the 2 hemispheres?
Corpus Callosum
What structure is important for connecting our cerebrum to the rest of the body?
Thalamus
What is the integrating center for the Autonomic Nervous System and controls visceral function?
Hypothalamus
What are the following structures associated with:
- Pituitary stalk and gland
- Optic Chiasm
- Diaphragma Sellae (attaches to the rim of the Hypophyseal Fossa)
- Mammillary Bodies (MB)
Hypothalamus
What controls the pituitary gland - a structure that secretes multiple hormones?
Hypothalamus
What lies posterior to the Thalamus, has the pineal body (gland), secretes melatonin, and calcifies in adolescence?
Epithalamus
What structure is part of the ventral midbrain?
Crus cerebri
What structure is part of the ventral Middle Cerebellar peduncles (M)?
Pons
What structures are part of the ventral Medulla?
- Pyramids (Fibers of the pyramidal motor system)
- Pyramidal Decussation (crossing corticospinal fibers - 85%)
- Olive
What structures are part of the dorsal Pons?
Paired-Cerebellar Peduncles
1. Superior (S)
2. Middle (M)
3. Inferior (I)
Carry information between the cerebellum and brainstem
What structures are part of the dorsal Medulla?
Dorsal columns (2 on each side) carry tactile sensory information to the brain.
1. Stereognosis
2. 2 point discrimination
3. Kinesthetic sense
4. Vibratory sense
What structure includes 2 hemispheres with anterior and posterior lobes, separated by primary fissure, includes a vermis (central region; superior & inferior), folia (cerebellar folds), and tonsils?
Cerebellum
What structure coordinates muscular activity and controls posture/equilibrium?
Cerebellum
What structure if injured with a lesion can cause the following problems:
- Ataxia-muscle control problem
- Inability to coordinate movements
- Results in a jerky, unsteady, to-and-fro motion of the trunk
- Unsteady walking style
Cerebellum
