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Human Anatomy > Unit 3_The Brain > Flashcards

Unit 3_The Brain Flashcards

1
Q

What directional term related to the CNS means “toward the head”?

A

Cephalic

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2
Q

What directional term related to the CNS means “toward the front of the head”?

A

Rostral

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3
Q

What directional term related to the CNS means “toward the tail”?

A

Caudal

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4
Q

What directional term related to the CNS means “same side”?

A

Ipsilateral

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5
Q

What directional term related to the CNS means “opposite side”?

A

Contralateral

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6
Q

What embrionic covering does the CNS form from?

A

ECTODERM

  • Neural
  • Epithelial
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7
Q

What includes the Thalmus and Hypothalmus?

A

Diencephalon

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8
Q

What includes the Cerebral Cortex?

A

Telencephalon

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9
Q

What includes the Midbrain?

A

Mesencephalon

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10
Q

What includes the Pons and Cerebellum?

A

Metencephalon

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11
Q

What includes the Medulla Oblongata?

A

Myelencephalon

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12
Q

Where are the Midbrain, Pons, and Medulla Oblongata located?

A

Brainstem

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13
Q

What is located posterior to the brainstem?

A

Cerebellum

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14
Q

Where is the precentral gyrus located?

A

Frontal Lobe

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15
Q

Where is the postcentral gyrus located?

A

Parietal Lobe

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16
Q

What are the lobes of the developed brain?

A
  1. Frontal Lobe
  2. Parietal Lobe
  3. Occipital Lobe
  4. Temporal Lobe
  5. Limbic Lobe
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17
Q

What is the motor cortex of the developed brain that controls gross motor (voluntary) to the limbs and trunk and separates the frontal lobe and parietal lobe?

A

Central Sulcus

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18
Q

What is the somatosensory cortex of the developed brain that controls all sensory to cortex from the body and is much thinner than the pre-central gyrus?

A

Postcentral Gyrus

19
Q

What are the commissural fibers of the brain that connect the two cerebral hemispheres together known as?

A

Corpus Callosum

20
Q

What lobe is deep to all of the cerebrum?

A

Limbic lobe

21
Q

What is the first gyrus anterior to the central sulcus and is the part of the brain that contains the motor cortex?

A

Precentral gyrus

22
Q

What is the internal part of the brain made up of cell bodies where a decision is being made and connections are being routed?

A

Gray Matter

23
Q

What is the internal part of the brain where the cell axons of the neurons are located and being transmitted long distances?

A

White Matter

24
Q

Why are there wrinkles on the brain?

A

To increase the surface area

25
Q

When may the corpus collusum be dissected?

A

In people with epilepsy

26
Q

What is included in the external cerebrum?

A
  1. Corpus Callosum
  2. Fornix
  3. Parietooccipital Sulcus
  4. Lateral Ventricle with Caudate N
27
Q

What is included in the Diencephalon?

A
  1. Thalamus (2 lobes, largest part)
  2. Hypothalamus (connected to the pituitary stalk)
  3. Epithalamus (includes the pineal gland)
  4. Subthalamus
28
Q

What holds the two hemispheres of the Thalamus together?

A

Interthalamic Adhesion

29
Q

What is the biggest portion of the diencephalon, consists of 2 lobes, includes an interthalamic adhesion, and a 3rd ventricle (space between the 2 thalamic lobes)?

A

Thalamus

30
Q

What is the floor of the Thalamus?

A

Hypothalamus

31
Q

What is the roof of the Thalamus connecting the 2 hemispheres?

A

Corpus Callosum

32
Q

What structure is important for connecting our cerebrum to the rest of the body?

A

Thalamus

33
Q

What is the integrating center for the Autonomic Nervous System and controls visceral function?

A

Hypothalamus

34
Q

What are the following structures associated with:

  1. Pituitary stalk and gland
  2. Optic Chiasm
  3. Diaphragma Sellae (attaches to the rim of the Hypophyseal Fossa)
  4. Mammillary Bodies (MB)
A

Hypothalamus

35
Q

What controls the pituitary gland - a structure that secretes multiple hormones?

A

Hypothalamus

36
Q

What lies posterior to the Thalamus, has the pineal body (gland), secretes melatonin, and calcifies in adolescence?

A

Epithalamus

37
Q

What structure is part of the ventral midbrain?

A

Crus cerebri

38
Q

What structure is part of the ventral Middle Cerebellar peduncles (M)?

A

Pons

39
Q

What structures are part of the ventral Medulla?

A
  1. Pyramids (Fibers of the pyramidal motor system)
  2. Pyramidal Decussation (crossing corticospinal fibers - 85%)
  3. Olive
40
Q

What structures are part of the dorsal Pons?

A

Paired-Cerebellar Peduncles
1. Superior (S)
2. Middle (M)
3. Inferior (I)

Carry information between the cerebellum and brainstem

41
Q

What structures are part of the dorsal Medulla?

A

Dorsal columns (2 on each side) carry tactile sensory information to the brain.
1. Stereognosis
2. 2 point discrimination
3. Kinesthetic sense
4. Vibratory sense

42
Q

What structure includes 2 hemispheres with anterior and posterior lobes, separated by primary fissure, includes a vermis (central region; superior & inferior), folia (cerebellar folds), and tonsils?

A

Cerebellum

43
Q

What structure coordinates muscular activity and controls posture/equilibrium?

A

Cerebellum

44
Q

What structure if injured with a lesion can cause the following problems:

  • Ataxia-muscle control problem
  • Inability to coordinate movements
  • Results in a jerky, unsteady, to-and-fro motion of the trunk
  • Unsteady walking style
A

Cerebellum

Human Anatomy (31 decks)

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