Unit 3_The Brain

Question 1

What directional term related to the CNS means “toward the head”?

Answer 1

Cephalic

Question 2

What directional term related to the CNS means “toward the front of the head”?

Answer 2

Rostral

Question 3

What directional term related to the CNS means “toward the tail”?

Answer 3

Caudal

Question 4

What directional term related to the CNS means “same side”?

Answer 4

Ipsilateral

Question 5

What directional term related to the CNS means “opposite side”?

Answer 5

Contralateral

Question 6

What embrionic covering does the CNS form from?

Answer 6

ECTODERM

• Neural
• Epithelial

Question 7

What includes the Thalmus and Hypothalmus?

Answer 7

Diencephalon

Question 8

What includes the Cerebral Cortex?

Answer 8

Telencephalon

Question 9

What includes the Midbrain?

Answer 9

Mesencephalon

Question 10

What includes the Pons and Cerebellum?

Answer 10

Metencephalon

Question 11

What includes the Medulla Oblongata?

Answer 11

Myelencephalon

Question 12

Where are the Midbrain, Pons, and Medulla Oblongata located?

Answer 12

Brainstem

Question 13

What is located posterior to the brainstem?

Answer 13

Cerebellum

Question 14

Where is the precentral gyrus located?

Answer 14

Frontal Lobe

Question 15

Where is the postcentral gyrus located?

Answer 15

Parietal Lobe

Question 16

What are the lobes of the developed brain?

Answer 16

1. Frontal Lobe
2. Parietal Lobe
3. Occipital Lobe
4. Temporal Lobe
5. Limbic Lobe

Question 17

What is the motor cortex of the developed brain that controls gross motor (voluntary) to the limbs and trunk and separates the frontal lobe and parietal lobe?

Answer 17

Central Sulcus

Question 18

What is the somatosensory cortex of the developed brain that controls all sensory to cortex from the body and is much thinner than the pre-central gyrus?

Answer 18

Postcentral Gyrus

Question 19

What are the commissural fibers of the brain that connect the two cerebral hemispheres together known as?

Answer 19

Corpus Callosum

Question 20

What lobe is deep to all of the cerebrum?

Answer 20

Limbic lobe

Question 21

What is the first gyrus anterior to the central sulcus and is the part of the brain that contains the motor cortex?

Answer 21

Precentral gyrus

Question 22

What is the internal part of the brain made up of cell bodies where a decision is being made and connections are being routed?

Answer 22

Gray Matter

Question 23

What is the internal part of the brain where the cell axons of the neurons are located and being transmitted long distances?

Answer 23

White Matter

Question 24

Why are there wrinkles on the brain?

Answer 24

To increase the surface area

Question 25

When may the corpus collusum be dissected?

Answer 25

In people with epilepsy

Question 26

What is included in the external cerebrum?

Answer 26

1. Corpus Callosum 2. Fornix 3. Parietooccipital Sulcus 4. Lateral Ventricle with Caudate N

Question 27

What is included in the Diencephalon?

Answer 27

1. Thalamus (2 lobes, largest part) 2. Hypothalamus (connected to the pituitary stalk) 3. Epithalamus (includes the pineal gland) 4. Subthalamus

Question 28

What holds the two hemispheres of the Thalamus together?

Answer 28

Interthalamic Adhesion

Question 29

What is the biggest portion of the diencephalon, consists of 2 lobes, includes an interthalamic adhesion, and a 3rd ventricle (space between the 2 thalamic lobes)?

Answer 29

Thalamus

Question 30

What is the floor of the Thalamus?

Answer 30

Hypothalamus

Question 31

What is the roof of the Thalamus connecting the 2 hemispheres?

Answer 31

Corpus Callosum

Question 32

What structure is important for connecting our cerebrum to the rest of the body?

Answer 32

Thalamus

Question 33

What is the integrating center for the Autonomic Nervous System and controls visceral function?

Answer 33

Hypothalamus

Question 34

What are the following structures associated with: 1. Pituitary stalk and gland 2. Optic Chiasm 3. Diaphragma Sellae (attaches to the rim of the Hypophyseal Fossa) 4. Mammillary Bodies (MB)

Answer 34

Hypothalamus

Question 35

What controls the pituitary gland - a structure that secretes multiple hormones?

Answer 35

Hypothalamus

Question 36

What lies posterior to the Thalamus, has the pineal body (gland), secretes melatonin, and calcifies in adolescence?

Answer 36

Epithalamus

Question 37

What structure is part of the ventral midbrain?

Answer 37

Crus cerebri

Question 38

What structure is part of the ventral Middle Cerebellar peduncles (M)?

Answer 38

Pons

Question 39

What structures are part of the ventral Medulla?

Answer 39

1. Pyramids (Fibers of the pyramidal motor system) 2. Pyramidal Decussation (crossing corticospinal fibers - 85%) 3. Olive

Question 40

What structures are part of the dorsal Pons?

Answer 40

Paired-Cerebellar Peduncles 1. Superior (S) 2. Middle (M) 3. Inferior (I) Carry information between the cerebellum and brainstem

Question 41

What structures are part of the dorsal Medulla?

Answer 41

Dorsal columns (2 on each side) carry tactile sensory information to the brain. 1. Stereognosis 2. 2 point discrimination 3. Kinesthetic sense 4. Vibratory sense

Question 42

What structure includes 2 hemispheres with anterior and posterior lobes, separated by primary fissure, includes a vermis (central region; superior & inferior), folia (cerebellar folds), and tonsils?

Answer 42

Cerebellum

Question 43

What structure coordinates muscular activity and controls posture/equilibrium?

Answer 43

Cerebellum

Question 44

What structure if injured with a lesion can cause the following problems: - Ataxia-muscle control problem - Inability to coordinate movements - Results in a jerky, unsteady, to-and-fro motion of the trunk - Unsteady walking style

Answer 44

Cerebellum