Unit 1_Shoulder & Axilla Flashcards
What comprises the pectoral girdle?
Clavicle (“collarbone”)
Scapula (“shoulder blade”)
Connects the free parts of the upper limbs to the axial skeleton
What movements are in the Sagittal plane?
Flexion
Extension
What movements are in the Coronal plane?
Abduction
Adduction
What movements are in the Transverse plane?
Internal rotation
External rotation
Horizontal abduction
Horizontal adduction
What are the joints of the shoulder complex?
Sternoclavicular Joint
Acromioclavicular Joint
Glenohumeral Joint
Scapulothoracic Joint
What saddle joint is not typically dislocated, connects the sternal end of the clavicle and the manubrium of the sternum, includes a clavicular notch with an interclavicular ligament, a capsule (synovial lining), and an articular disc?
Sternoclavicular Joint
Allows for 3 movements:
Rotation - Sagittal
Elevation/Depression - Coronal
Retraction/Protraction - Transverse
What gliding joint connects the acromion process and the clavicle, is typically dislocated, includes a joint capsule (fibrous tissue), coracoclavicular ligament, coracoacromial ligament, supraspinatus tunnel, and contains hyaline cartilage?
Acromioclavicular Joint
What joint connects the glenoid fossa with the proximal humeral head?
Glenohumeral Joint
What joint is not a true joint, but articulates the subscapular fossa with the posterior thorax and promotes scapulorhumeral rhythm?
Scapulothoracic Joint
What can ligaments do?
Restrain motion, prevent against extensive motion
What is a bony prominence on the scapula protruding anteriorly?
Coracoid Process
What ligament in the Acromioclavicular Joint connects the coracoid process with the clavicle?
Coracoclavicular ligament
What ligament in the Acromioclavicular Joint connects the coracoid process with the acromion process, and spans the anterior to the posterior aspect of the scapula creating the supraspinatus tunnel?
Coracoacromial ligament
What muscles support the Scapulothoracic Joint?
Trapezius
Rhomboids
Levator Scapulae
Serratus Anterior
What nerve runs alongside the serratus anterior?
Long Thoracic Nerve
If there’s injury to the Long Thoracic Nerve, what may result?
Winged Scapula
What is the most medial portion of the coracoclavicular ligament?
Conoid Ligament
The sternal end of the clavicle articulates with what structure?
Manubrium of sternum
The costal surface of the scapula is what shape? And it house what muscle?
Concave
Subscapularis
What does the glenohumeral joint articulate?
Glenoid fossa of the scapula and the humeral head
What kind of joint is the Glenohumeral Joint?
Ball and socket joint
What muscles stabilize the Glenohumeral Joint?
The rotator cuff muscles
What structures make up the Glenohumeral Joint?
Coracoid Process
Glenoid Fossa
Spine of the scapula
Acromion Process
Supraglenoid Tubercle
Infraglenoid Tubercle
What is a ring of fibrocartilageous contents that lines the Glenoid fossa?
Glenoid labrum
Where does the long head of the biceps brachii muscle attach?
At the superior aspect of the Glenoid labrum
What structures make up the proximal Humerus?
Head
Anatomic Neck
Surgical Neck
Greater/Lesser Tubercles
Intertubercular Groove
Deltoid Tuberosity
What structure spans around the Glenohumeral Joint?
Fibrous articular capsule lined with synovial membrane
What ligament connects the coracoid process with the humerus?
Coracohumeral Ligament
What ligaments connect the Glenoid fossa to the humerus and prevent excessive anterior translation of the humeral head?
Glenohumeral ligaments (Superior, Middle, Inferior)
What are the functions of the Glenohumeral Joint?
Flexion/Extension: Sagittal Plane
Abduction/Adduction: Coronal Plane
External/Internal Rotation: Horizontal (Transverse) Plane
Circumduction (multi-planer)
What shoulder motion occurs in the sagittal plane?
Flexion/Extension
What does SLAP stand for?
Superior Labrum Anterior to Posterior (tear)
What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?
Ball and socket joint
What muscles make up the rotator cuff muscles?
SITS
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Subscapularis
What rotator cuff muscle provides internal rotation of the arm, adduction and stabilization?
Subscapularis
What rotator cuff muscle provides abduction (early abductor) and stabilization?
Supraspinatus
What rotator cuff muscles provide external rotation and stabilization?
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
What motions does the Deltoid provide?
Anterior Deltoid
Flexion, internal rotation, horizontal adduction
Middle Deltoid
Completes abduction
Posterior Deltoid
Extension, external rotation, horizontal abduction
What is a network of ventral primary rami that are connected and create the peripheral nerves that innervate rotator cuff muscles?
Brachial Plexus
What nerve innervates Supraspinatus and Infraspinatus?
Suprascapular Nerve
What nerve innervates Teres Minor and Deltoid?
Axillary Nerve
What nerve innervates Subscapularis?
Upper and Lower Subscapular Nerves
What are the superficial muscles of the chest acting on the Pectoral Girdle?
Deltoid Muscle
Clavicular Head of the Pectoralis Major Muscle
Stenocostal Head of the Pectoralis Major Muscle
What vein separates the Deltoid from the Pectoralis Major?
Cephalic Vein
Via the Deltopectoral Groove
What is a deep Pectoralis muscle?
Pectoralis Minor Muscle
What are the functions of the Pectoralis Major Muscle?
Clavicular Head (GHJ Flexion)
Sternal Head (GHJ Adduction and internal rotation)
What are the functions of the Pectoralis Minor Muscle?
Shoulder stabilizer
What muscle appears on the inferior surface of the clavicle?
Subclavius
What nerve innervates Pectoralis Minor and Pectoralis Major?
Medial Pectoral Nerve
What nerve innervates Pectoralis Major?
Lateral Pectoral Nerve
What is a synovial fluid sac that is situated in places where friction would otherwise occur?
Bursae of the shoulder
Subacromial bursa
Subdeltoid bursa
