Unit 1_The Wrist & Hand

Question 1

What is the 1st digit in the hand?

Answer 1

The thumb

Question 2

How many fingers do humans have according to therapists?

Answer 2

4 fingers, 1 thumb

Question 3

How many digits do humans have according to therapists?

Answer 3

5 digits

Question 4

What are the palmer creases in the hand?

Answer 4

Distal transverse

Proximal transverse

Thenar

Middle

Question 5

What contains the thenar muscles in the hand?

Answer 5

The Thenar eminence

Question 6

What contains the hypothenar muscles in the hand?

Answer 6

The Hypothenar eminence

Question 7

What are the wrist creases?

Answer 7

Distal wrist crease

Middle wrist crease

Proximal wrist crease

*It’s possible to have only 1 wrist crease

Question 8

What motions does the wrist give us?

Answer 8

Extension/Flexion

Ulnar Deviation (abduction)/Radial Deviation (adduction)

Circumduction

Question 9

What kind of motion is a Dart Thrower’s Motion?

Answer 9

Circumduction

Question 10

What are the joints of the wrist?

Answer 10

Radiocarpal Joint

Intercarpal Joint

Distal Radioulnar Joint

Question 11

What is a pivot joint in the wrist, has an articular capsule with anterior/posterior thickenings and the Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex (TFCC)?

Answer 11

Distal Radioulnar Joint

Question 12

What is made up the radius and proximal carpal bones and has an articular capsule “a thick, tough, pliable membrane”?

Answer 12

Radiocarpal Joint (Condyloid)

Question 13

What ligaments are included in the radiocarpal joint and hold the wrist together?

Answer 13

Ulnar and radial collateral ligaments

Question 14

What is the midcarpal joint also known as?

Answer 14

Intercarpal Joint

Question 15

What are the carpal bones?

Answer 15

Some (Scaphoid)

Lovers (Lunate)

Try (Triquetrum)

Positions (Pisiform)

That (Trapezium)

They (Trapezoid)

Can’t (Capitate)

Handle (Hamate)

Question 16

What are the most commonly fractured bones in the wrist?

Answer 16

Scaphoid (#1) and Lunate (#2)

Question 17

What bones are included in the proximal row of carpal bones?

Answer 17

Scaphoid

Lunate

Triquetrum

Pisiform

Question 18

What bones are included in the distal row of carpal bones?

Answer 18

Trapezium

Trapezoid

Capitate

Hamate

Question 19

What is the most frequently fractured carpal bone?

Answer 19

Scaphoid (70%)

Question 20

What carpal bone is trapped under the thumb?

Answer 20

Trapezium

Question 21

What carpal bone is at the base of the 5th metacarpal?

Answer 21

Hook of the Hamate

Question 22

What carpal bone is on top of the triquetrum?

Answer 22

Pisiform

Question 23

What makes up the Metacarpal bones?

Answer 23

Metacarpals

Base
Shaft
Head

Question 24

What is the full finger/digit/metacarpal known as?

Answer 24

Ray

Question 25

What is the 1st Carpalmetacarpal (CMC) Joint known as?

Answer 25

A saddle joint

Question 26

What are the 2-5 CMC Joints known as?

Answer 26

Gliding joints

Question 27

What makes up the phalanges?

Answer 27

Proximal phalangeal bones Middle phalangeal bones Distal phalangeal bones Base Shaft Head

Question 28

What is the 1st Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint known as?

Answer 28

Hinge Joint

Question 29

What are the 2-5 MCP joints known as?

Answer 29

Condyloid joints

Question 30

What digit is only an IP joint?

Answer 30

The thumb; missing Middle Phalanx

Question 31

What ligaments prevent abduction and adduction in the MCP joint?

Answer 31

Collateral ligaments

Question 32

What are the joints of the fingers?

Answer 32

Proximal Interphalangeal Joints (PIP) Distal Interphalangeal Joint (DIP) Interphalangeal Joints (IP) Hinge Joints

Question 33

What are the ligaments of the MCP joint?

Answer 33

Collateral ligaments Have an articular capsule

Question 34

What are the ligaments of the PIPs, DIPs, IPs (Hinge)?

Answer 34

Medial/Collateral Ligaments All have a joint capsule Preventing/limiting the amount of abduction/adduction

Question 35

What covers the Thenar and Hypothenar Eminence?

Answer 35

Thenar and Hypothenar fascial sheaths

Question 36

What is a sheet of pearly white fibrous tissue that takes the place of a tendon in flat muscles having a wide area of attachment?

Answer 36

Palmer aponeurosis Where the Palmerus Longus attaches

Question 37

What ligaments are holding everything together at the wrist?

Answer 37

Palmar carpal ligament Flexor retinaculum *when a tendon breaks, bowstringing occurs

Question 38

What ligament is under the Palmar carpal ligament, holding our flexor tendon in place and preventing bowstringing, and the roof of the carpal tunnel?

Answer 38

Flexor retinaculum of the wrist

Question 39

What occurs during carpal tunnel surgery?

Answer 39

The flexor retinaculum of the wrist is cut, leading to bowstringing to more easily occur

Question 40

Where do injuries occur in the wrist where the ulnar artery and ulnar nerves pass through?

Answer 40

Guyon's Canal

Question 41

What are the compartments of the hand?

Answer 41

Thenar Eminence Hypothenar Eminence Intermediate Compartment

Question 42

What muscles are included in the Hypothenar Compartment of the hand and are intrinsic muscles (origins/insertions in the hand)?

Answer 42

Abductor digiti minimi Flexor digiti minimi brevis Opponens digiti minimi (medial, deep to the others)

Question 43

What nerve innervates the Hypothenar muscles?

Answer 43

Deep Ulnar Nerve

Question 44

What is the space at the wrist between the pisiform bone and the hamate bone through which the ulnar artery and nerve travel into the hand?

Answer 44

Guyon's Canal

Question 45

Why can profusion occur from either side of the hand?

Answer 45

The ulnar and radial arteries wrap around the hand on deep and superficial branches

Question 46

What joint controls movements of the thumb?

Answer 46

CMC Joint (Carpometacarpal Joint)

Question 47

What muscles are included in the Thenar Compartment of the hand?

Answer 47

Abductor Pollicis Brevis Flexor Pollicis Brevis Opponens Pollicis Adductor Pollicis

Question 48

What muscle in the Thenar Compartment wraps around the 1st Metacarpal?

Answer 48

Opponens Pollicis

Question 49

What muscle in the Thenar Compartment wraps around the 5th Metacarpal?

Answer 49

Opponens Digiti Minimi

Question 50

What nerves innervate the Thenar muscles?

Answer 50

Recurrent branch-median nerve Deep branch of the Ulnar nerve supplies Adductor Pollicis

Question 51

What muscles in the hand are included in the Intermediate Compartment?

Answer 51

4 Lumbricals 4 Dorsal Interossei (Abduct MCP's) - DAB 3 Palmer Interossei (Adduct MCP's) - PAD

Question 52

What muscles flex MCP's and Extend DIP's/PIP's?

Answer 52

Lumbricals

Question 53

What has more individual muscles in the hand: Dorsal Interossei or Palmer Interossei?

Answer 53

Dorsal Interossei

Question 54

What nerves innervate the muscles in the Intermediate Compartment of the hand?

Answer 54

Lateral 2 Lumbricals: Median nerve Medial 2 Lumbricals: Deep branch-ulnar nerve All Interossei: Deep branch-ulnar nerve

Question 55

What arteries are included in the hand?

Answer 55

Superficial Palmer Arch (Superficial branch of Ulnar Artery/Superficial Palmer branch of Radial Artery) Deep Palmer Arch (Radial Artery/Deep branch of Ulnar Artery) Common Palmer Digital arteries Proper Palmer Digital arteries

Question 56

What are included in a sheath with ligaments, hold everything together in the hand, and can result in bowstringing?

Answer 56

Tendons

Question 57

What injury to the hand is caused by inflammation to the tendon and a bulge is created resulting in the inability for the tendon to fit under the ligaments?

Answer 57

Trigger finger

Question 58

What structures are included in the carpal tunnel?

Answer 58

Flexor Digitiorum Superficialis Tendons (4) Median Nerve (Laterally) Flexor Pollicis Longus Tendon (Laterally) Flexor Digitorum Profundus Tendons (4)

Question 59

What is called the amount of movement a tendon moves?

Answer 59

Excursion

Question 60

What is the roof of the carpal tunnel holding everything in place, and cut during carpal tunnel surgery to relieve pressure?

Answer 60

Flexor Retinaculum

Question 61

What are the flexor tendons in the hand?

Answer 61

Flexor digitorum profundus tendon (tip of finger) Flexor digitorum superficialis tendon (middle phalanx)

Question 62

What is an injury to the attachment of the collateral bands (distal phalanx)?

Answer 62

Mallet Finger Injury