Unit 2_The Knee Flashcards
What joints make up the Knee?
Tibiofemoral Joint
Patellofemoral Joint
Proximal Tibiofibular Joint
What joint of the knee is a modified hinge joint where a small rotation/tibial medial rotation occurs?
Tibiofemoral Joint
What joint of the knee is a gliding joint, articulates the patella with the femur behind it via patellar surface, is a sesamoid bone that resides within the quadriceps tendon that attaches distally to the tibial tuberosity?
Patellofemoral Joint
What joint of the knee is gliding joint?
Proximal Tibiofibular Joint
What structure is at the superior most aspect of the epicondyle on the medial side of the knee and attaches to the Adductor Magnus?
Adductor Tubercle
What does the Iliotibial band attach distally to?
Gerdys Tubercle
What structures are included on the femur that are lined with hyaline cartilage, and should not be touching?
Intercondylar Notch
Intercondylar Eminence
Where do the ACL and PCL originate?
Intercondylar Eminences
What is normal extension range of motion in the knee?
0 degrees
What is normal flexion range of motion in the knee?
160 degrees
What are some rate limiting factors that affect range of motion in the knee?
Size of muscle
What bony structures are included in the knee?
L/M Epicondyles
L/M Condyles
Tibia (leg bone)
Femur (thigh bone)
What is it called when your foot is off the ground and you make a movement?
Open Chain Knee Extension
What is it called when you’re standing up?
Closed Chain Knee Extension
What muscles can cause wear and tear to the tibial tuberosity?
Quadriceps
What tendon spans across the anterior knee, encapsulates the patella, and attaches to the tibila tuberosity?
Quadriceps Tendon
What structures are included in the patella?
Base and Apex (anterior)
Articular Surface (posterior)
- Medial/Lateral facets
- Median vertical ridge
- Includes ~3/4 hyaline cartilage on bone that articulates with the femur behind it
What is below cartilage also known as?
Subchondral
When the quads contract, what direction is the patella pulled?
Superiorly
What condition may occur in adolescents as a result of being new to running, jumping, quick ballistic movements that have created a very energetic quadriceps contraction, and muscles pull on bone via the quadriceps pulling down on the tibial tuberosity resulting in bone growth? It’s an inflammatory process or with/without protrusion of a bony prominence at the tibial tuberosity.
Osgood Schlatter
What patellar tracking disorder is wear and tear of the articular side of the patella following patellar shift and damage to articular cartilage?
Chondromalacia Patella
What is thick, robust around the knee that includes extensive synovial membrane to line the knee joint that can get damaged during osteoarthritis?
Capsule of the Knee Joint
What tendon is part of the posterior capsule of the knee joint and provides stability?
Semimembranosus Tendon
Why is it concerning when someone has a hamstring issue or strain in the back of the knee?
It may jeopardize the posterior capsule of the knee joint as well, which adds stability
What are fluid filled sacs that protect from wear and tear as the muscles go up and down in and around the knee?
Bursa
What are 4 (of 16) bursae found in and around the knee?
Suprapatellar Bursa (lies deep to Rectus Femoris, Vastas Intermedius)
Prepatellar Bursa (lies deep to the skin right on top of the patella)
Deep Infrapatellar Bursa (deep to patellar ligament/tendon)
Superficial Infrapatellar Bursa (between the tibial tuberosity and skin above it)
What is benign swelling of the semimembranosus bursa?
Baker’s Cyst
What unusual muscle includes deep fibers of the vastus intermedius, extends from distal femur to suprapatellar bursa and joint capsule, and “lifts” the bursa and capsule out of the joint during knee extension?
Articularis Genu
What ligament of the knee runs from the apex of the patella down the anterior aspect of the knee, attaches to the tibial tuberosity and helps with the anterior aspect of the capsule?
Ligamentum Patellae
What are the collateral ligaments of the knee that cross over the knee joint and extend off the femoral condyle/epicondyle space to their respective bones? Both are taut in knee extension; relaxed in knee flexion.
Medial Collateral Ligament (Tibial)
Lateral Collateral Ligament (Fibular)
What ligament would restrain a valgus force at the tibiofemoral joint following a blow to the lateral knee and could pull/injure the meniscus?
Medial Collateral Ligament
What ligament would restrain a varus force at the tibiofemoral joint following a blow to the medial knee?
Lateral Collateral Ligament
What are intracapsular ligaments of the knee that take their name from their distal attachment?
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)
Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)
What intracapsular ligament runs from the tibia to the lateral femoral condyle?
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)
What motion of the tibia does the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) restrain?
Anterior slide of the tibia
Valgus and rotational
What injury results from hyperextension/rotational injury?
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Tear
What injury results from the tibia sagging behind the patella and the anterior knee?
Posterior Sag Sign
What are the menisci found in the knee that help guide motion, sit in between the tibiofemoral joint and protect from the cartilage underneath of it?
Medial meniscus (C-shaped)
Lateral meniscus (Round)
What structures support the meniscus, but can suffer some wear and tear?
Coronary (meniscotibial) ligaments
Transverse genicular ligament
What is a triad of injuries to the knee that may occur?
Unhappy Triad of O’Donohue
- ACL
- Medial meniscus
- Tibial collateral ligament
What nerves provide cutaneous and motor innervation to the lower limb?
Femoral nerve (Saphenous nerve)
Common Fibular nerve (Sciatic nerve)
