Unit 2_The Knee

Question 1

What joints make up the Knee?

Answer 1

Tibiofemoral Joint

Patellofemoral Joint

Proximal Tibiofibular Joint

Question 2

What joint of the knee is a modified hinge joint where a small rotation/tibial medial rotation occurs?

Answer 2

Tibiofemoral Joint

Question 3

What joint of the knee is a gliding joint, articulates the patella with the femur behind it via patellar surface, is a sesamoid bone that resides within the quadriceps tendon that attaches distally to the tibial tuberosity?

Answer 3

Patellofemoral Joint

Question 4

What joint of the knee is gliding joint?

Answer 4

Proximal Tibiofibular Joint

Question 5

What structure is at the superior most aspect of the epicondyle on the medial side of the knee and attaches to the Adductor Magnus?

Answer 5

Adductor Tubercle

Question 6

What does the Iliotibial band attach distally to?

Answer 6

Gerdys Tubercle

Question 7

What structures are included on the femur that are lined with hyaline cartilage, and should not be touching?

Answer 7

Intercondylar Notch

Intercondylar Eminence

Question 8

Where do the ACL and PCL originate?

Answer 8

Intercondylar Eminences

Question 9

What is normal extension range of motion in the knee?

Answer 9

0 degrees

Question 10

What is normal flexion range of motion in the knee?

Answer 10

160 degrees

Question 11

What are some rate limiting factors that affect range of motion in the knee?

Answer 11

Size of muscle

Question 12

What bony structures are included in the knee?

Answer 12

L/M Epicondyles

L/M Condyles

Tibia (leg bone)

Femur (thigh bone)

Question 13

What is it called when your foot is off the ground and you make a movement?

Answer 13

Open Chain Knee Extension

Question 14

What is it called when you’re standing up?

Answer 14

Closed Chain Knee Extension

Question 15

What muscles can cause wear and tear to the tibial tuberosity?

Answer 15

Quadriceps

Question 16

What tendon spans across the anterior knee, encapsulates the patella, and attaches to the tibila tuberosity?

Answer 16

Quadriceps Tendon

Question 17

What structures are included in the patella?

Answer 17

Base and Apex (anterior)

Articular Surface (posterior)
- Medial/Lateral facets
- Median vertical ridge
- Includes ~3/4 hyaline cartilage on bone that articulates with the femur behind it

Question 18

What is below cartilage also known as?

Answer 18

Subchondral

Question 19

When the quads contract, what direction is the patella pulled?

Answer 19

Superiorly

Question 20

What condition may occur in adolescents as a result of being new to running, jumping, quick ballistic movements that have created a very energetic quadriceps contraction, and muscles pull on bone via the quadriceps pulling down on the tibial tuberosity resulting in bone growth? It’s an inflammatory process or with/without protrusion of a bony prominence at the tibial tuberosity.

Answer 20

Osgood Schlatter

Question 21

What patellar tracking disorder is wear and tear of the articular side of the patella following patellar shift and damage to articular cartilage?

Answer 21

Chondromalacia Patella

Question 22

What is thick, robust around the knee that includes extensive synovial membrane to line the knee joint that can get damaged during osteoarthritis?

Answer 22

Capsule of the Knee Joint

Question 23

What tendon is part of the posterior capsule of the knee joint and provides stability?

Answer 23

Semimembranosus Tendon

Question 24

Why is it concerning when someone has a hamstring issue or strain in the back of the knee?

Answer 24

It may jeopardize the posterior capsule of the knee joint as well, which adds stability

Question 25

What are fluid filled sacs that protect from wear and tear as the muscles go up and down in and around the knee?

Answer 25

Bursa

Question 26

What are 4 (of 16) bursae found in and around the knee?

Answer 26

Suprapatellar Bursa (lies deep to Rectus Femoris, Vastas Intermedius) Prepatellar Bursa (lies deep to the skin right on top of the patella) Deep Infrapatellar Bursa (deep to patellar ligament/tendon) Superficial Infrapatellar Bursa (between the tibial tuberosity and skin above it)

Question 27

What is benign swelling of the semimembranosus bursa?

Answer 27

Baker's Cyst

Question 28

What unusual muscle includes deep fibers of the vastus intermedius, extends from distal femur to suprapatellar bursa and joint capsule, and "lifts" the bursa and capsule out of the joint during knee extension?

Answer 28

Articularis Genu

Question 29

What ligament of the knee runs from the apex of the patella down the anterior aspect of the knee, attaches to the tibial tuberosity and helps with the anterior aspect of the capsule?

Answer 29

Ligamentum Patellae

Question 30

What are the collateral ligaments of the knee that cross over the knee joint and extend off the femoral condyle/epicondyle space to their respective bones? Both are taut in knee extension; relaxed in knee flexion.

Answer 30

Medial Collateral Ligament (Tibial) Lateral Collateral Ligament (Fibular)

Question 31

What ligament would restrain a valgus force at the tibiofemoral joint following a blow to the lateral knee and could pull/injure the meniscus?

Answer 31

Medial Collateral Ligament

Question 32

What ligament would restrain a varus force at the tibiofemoral joint following a blow to the medial knee?

Answer 32

Lateral Collateral Ligament

Question 33

What are intracapsular ligaments of the knee that take their name from their distal attachment?

Answer 33

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)

Question 34

What intracapsular ligament runs from the tibia to the lateral femoral condyle?

Answer 34

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)

Question 35

What motion of the tibia does the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) restrain?

Answer 35

Anterior slide of the tibia Valgus and rotational

Question 36

What injury results from hyperextension/rotational injury?

Answer 36

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Tear

Question 37

What injury results from the tibia sagging behind the patella and the anterior knee?

Answer 37

Posterior Sag Sign

Question 38

What are the menisci found in the knee that help guide motion, sit in between the tibiofemoral joint and protect from the cartilage underneath of it?

Answer 38

Medial meniscus (C-shaped) Lateral meniscus (Round)

Question 39

What structures support the meniscus, but can suffer some wear and tear?

Answer 39

Coronary (meniscotibial) ligaments Transverse genicular ligament

Question 40

What is a triad of injuries to the knee that may occur?

Answer 40

Unhappy Triad of O'Donohue - ACL - Medial meniscus - Tibial collateral ligament

Question 41

What nerves provide cutaneous and motor innervation to the lower limb?

Answer 41

Femoral nerve (Saphenous nerve) Common Fibular nerve (Sciatic nerve)