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Tri 1 - C&T > Unit 4 Female Reproductive > Flashcards

Unit 4 Female Reproductive Flashcards

1
Q

female reproductive functions

A

produce female gametes

provide environment for development of embryo/fetus

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2
Q

female reproductive components

A
  1. paired ovaries
  2. paired oviducts (uterine tubes, Fallopian tubes)
  3. uterus
  4. vagina
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3
Q

ovary structure

A
  1. germinal epithelium (simple cuboidal)
  2. tunica albuginea (dense CT)
  3. cortex (loose CT w/ follicles)
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4
Q

follicles

A
  1. primordial
  2. primary unilaminar
  3. primary multilaminar
  4. secondary (antral)
  5. tertiary (Graafian)
  6. atretic
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5
Q

primordial follicle

A
  1. all follicles from birth to puberty

2. primary oocyte surrounded by single layer of flattened follicular cells

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6
Q

primary unilaminar follicle

A
  1. single layer of cuboidal follicular cells

2. activated by FSH

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7
Q

primary multilaminar follicle

A
  1. 2 or more layers of cuboidal follicular cells; inner layer of follicular cells in contact with oocyte via gap junctions
  2. zona pellucida produced by oocyte and follicular cells
  3. theca folliculi – modified stroma surrounding follicle
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8
Q

theca interna

A

inner theca folliculi, vascular

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9
Q

theca external

A

outer theca folliculi, fibrous

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10
Q

secondary (antral) follicle

A
  1. accumulation of liquor folliculi
  2. fluid secreted by follicular cells
  3. cumulus oophorus
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11
Q

cumulus oophorus

A

hillock of follicular cells associated with oocyte

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12
Q

tertiary (Graafian) follicle

A
  1. secondary oocyte
  2. corona radiata
  3. most mature follicle
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13
Q

corona radiata

A

layer of follicular cells in contact with oocyte across zona pellucida

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14
Q

atretic follicles

A
  1. follicles and oocytes that die without completing development
  2. may occur at any stage of follicular development
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15
Q

corpus luteum

A
  1. created from follicular and thecal cells remaining after ovulation
  2. temporary endocrine gland secreting progesterone
  3. persists ~10 days then regresses forming corpus albicans
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16
Q

corpus luteum cells

A
  1. theca lutein (paralutein cells) from follicular cells

2. granulosa lutein (lutein cells) from theca interna

17
Q

if pregnancy occurs, corpus luteum …

A
  1. persists ~5 months
  2. maintained by HCG from 3. placenta
  3. progesterone
  4. relaxin
18
Q

relaxin

A
  1. decreases contraction of myometrium to maintain implantation
  2. softens pubic symphysis in anticipation of delivery
19
Q

Fallopian tube function

A
  1. receive oocyte
  2. provide environment for fertilization and initial development
  3. transport conceptus to uterus
20
Q

fallopian anatomy

A
  1. infundibulum – fimbriae
  2. ampulla – 2/3 of length of tube
  3. isthmus – medial 1/3
  4. intramural segment extends through wall of uterus
21
Q

fallopian layers

A

mucosa
muscularis
serosa

22
Q

fallopian mucosa

A
  1. longitudinal folds
  2. simple columnar epithelium
    a. ciliated cells – beat toward uterus
    b. secretory (nonciliated) cells – fluid to protect ovum and promote capacitation of sperm
23
Q

fallopian muscularis

A

inner circular and outer longitudinal layers to move ovum 
toward uterus

24
Q

fallopian serosa

A

loose connective tissue covered with mesothelium

25
Q

uterus structure

A

body

cervix

26
Q

uterus layers

A

endometrium
myometrium
perimetrium

27
Q

endometrium

28
Q

myometrium

A

muscularis

  1. thickest layer
  2. during pregnancy grows by hyperplasia (⬆️ in number) and by hypertrophy (⬆️ in size)
29
Q

perimetrium

30
Q

endometrium anatomy

A

simple columnar w/simple tubular glands

  1. stratum basale
  2. stratum functionalis
31
Q

stratum basale

A

constant; source of cells for regeneration

32
Q

stratum functionalis

A

undergoes changes during uterine cycle

33
Q

uterine cycle stages

A

menstrual days 1-4
proliferative days 5-14
secretary days 15-28

34
Q

menstrual phase

A
  1. sloughing of stratum functionalis

2. caused by rapid decline in estrogens and progesterone

35
Q

proliferative phase

A
  1. regeneration of glands and epithelium from cells in stratum basale
  2. regeneration of blood vessels (spiral arteries)
36
Q

secretory phase

A
  1. controlled by presence of progesterone
  2. glands become highly coiled and secrete glycoproteins for nutrition of implanting conceptus
  3. endometrium at its maximum thickness

Tri 1 - C&T (36 decks)

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