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Tri 1 - C&T > Unit 3 Lymphatics > Flashcards

Unit 3 Lymphatics Flashcards

1
Q

lymphatic functions

A
  1. return interstitial fluid to the blood
  2. filtration of lymph
  3. filtration of blood
  4. defense of body from invasion and damage by microorganisms and foreign substances
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2
Q

lymphatic components

A

organs, tissue, nodes, vascular system

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3
Q

primary lymph components

A 
bone marrow (lymphocytes)
thymus (maturation of T lymphocytes)
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4
Q

secondary lymph components

A

lymph nodes
spleen
tonsils

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5
Q

lymph vascular system

A

capillaries (close ended)
vessels (interrupted by lymph nodes)
trunks (empty into subclavian veins)

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6
Q

lymphoid tissue function

A
  1. houses and provides proliferation sites for lymphocytes

2. offers surveillance vantage points for lymphocytes and macrophages as they filter through lymph

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7
Q

lymphoid tissue components

A

reticular connective tissue

a. macrophages live on reticular fibers
b. spaces between fibers offer a place for lymphocytes to occupy when they return form patrolling the body

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8
Q

reticular cells of thymus

A
  1. derived from endoderm
  2. called epithelial-reticular cells
  3. do not produce reticular fibers
  4. participate in maturation of T lymphocytes
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9
Q

reticular cells of other lymphatic tissues

A
  1. mesenchymal (mostly mesoderm)

2. produce reticular fibers (type III collagen)

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10
Q

lymphocytes

A

cells involved in adaptive (specific) immunity

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11
Q

B lymphocytes

A

responsible for humoral immunity, differentiate into plasma cells, form nodules

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12
Q

T lymphocytes

A

responsible for cell mediated immunity
multiple classes:
helper, suppressor (regulatory), cytotoxic (cytolytic), memory T cells do not form nodules

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13
Q

lymph nodules

A

cells responding to antigen, proliferating differentiating into plasma cells

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14
Q

primary lymph nodules

A

uniformly densely stained, cells have not been exposed to antigen

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15
Q

secondary lymph nodules

A

contain lightly stained central region (germinal center)

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16
Q

unencapsulated (mucosa associated) lymphoid tissue (MALT)

A
  1. lymphoid tissues in mucous membranes throughout body
  2. protects from pathogens trying to enter body
  3. largest collections of MALT is in tonsils, Peyer’s patches, appendix
  4. also in mucosa of respiratory and genitourinary organs; rest of digestive tract
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17
Q

tonsils

A

incompletely encapsulated in contact with epithelium

18
Q

palatine tonsils

A

a. paired
b. lateral wall of oral pharynx
c. epithelium is stratified squamous NK with crypts

19
Q

pharyngeal

A

a. single
b. superior-posterior portion of pharynx
c. epithelium is PCCE
d. hypertrophy produces adenoids

20
Q

lingual

A

a. numerous
b. base of Tonge
c. epithelium is stratified squamous NK

21
Q

lymph nodes

A

in line filters of lymph; has afferent and efferent lymphatics

22
Q

lymph node stroma

A

a. hilum (AN enter, VL exit)
b. capsule and trabecular of CT
c. sub capsular sinus and peritrabecular sinuses
d. reticular cells and fibers

23
Q

lymph node parenchyma

A

a. cortex (nodules of B cells)
b. paracortex (accumulations of T cells)
c. medulla: cords (mostly B cells, some plasma) and sinuses (partially lined with macrophages and reticular cells)

24
Q

lymph circulation

A
  1. afferent lymphatics
  2. subcapsular sinus
  3. peritrabecular sinuses
  4. medullary sinuses
  5. efferent lymphatics
25
Q

blood circulation

A
  1. arteries enter at hilum
  2. branch into stroma
  3. capillaries in cortex
  4. postcapillary venules in paracortex – lymphocytes exit blood to
  5. reside in node
  6. veins exit at hilum
26
Q

thymus

A
  1. lobulated; no nodules, no sinuses
  2. size varies with age
  3. capsule with trabeculae delineates lobules
  4. each lobule has cortex and medulla
27
Q

thymus stroma

A
  1. epithelial-reticular cells
  2. no reticular fibers
  3. cellular processes create framework supporting lymphocytes
  4. secrete thymosin – necessary for differentiation of T cells
28
Q

thymus parenchyma cortex

A
  1. thymocytes: immature T cells; not yet immunocompetent

2. macrophages phagocytize many thymocytes

29
Q

thymus parenchym medulla

A
  1. higher concentration of epithelial-reticular cells
  2. larger lymphocytes
  3. Hassall’s corpuscles – unique to thymus; function unknown
30
Q

thymus vascularization

A

capillaries in cortex surrounded by sheath of epithelial reticular cells; blood-thymus barrier

31
Q

spleen

A
  1. largest lymphoid organ
  2. filters blood
  3. destroys old erythrocytes
  4. produces activated lymphocytes in response to blood-borne antigens
32
Q

spleen stroma

A
  1. capsule – dense connective tissue
  2. trabeculae – carry nerves and arteries from hilum to splenic pulp; carries veins and efferent lymphatics from pulp to hilum
  3. reticular connective tissue
33
Q

spleen parenchyma

A

aka splenic pulp

a. white pulp – lymphoid tissue surrounding central arteries
b. periarterial lymphatic sheath (PALS) composed of T cells
c. splenic nodules – B cells

34
Q

red pulp

A

splenic cords

sinusoids

35
Q

splenic cords

A

aka cords of Billroth

a. reticular cells and fibers
b. macrophages, lymphocytes, blood cells

36
Q

splenic sinusoids

A

a. elongated endothelial cells
b. transversely arranged reticular fibers
c. macrophages between endothelial cells
d. incomplete basal lamina

37
Q

marginal zone (spleen)

A

a. between red and white pulp
b. lymphocytes – mostly B cells
c. macrophages act as antigen presenting cells
d. lymphocytes exit blood and enter white pulp

38
Q

splenic blood supply

A

a. trabecular arteries
b. central arteries – surrounded by lymphocytes
c. penicillar arteries (arterioles)
d. arterial capillaries arterial capillaries

39
Q

splenic closed circulation

A

arterial capillaries empty directly into sinusoids of red pulp

40
Q

splenic open circulation

A
  1. arterial capillaries end in splenic cords and blood must pass through wall of sinusoids to reenter circulation
  2. old RBCs lose flexibility and cannot squeeze past
  3. endothelial cells
  4. sinusoids
  5. red pulp veins
  6. trabecular veins
  7. splenic vein

Tri 1 - C&T (36 decks)

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