Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Tri 1 - C&T > Unit 3 Immune > Flashcards

Unit 3 Immune Flashcards

1
Q

immunity

A

ability of an organism to respond to and repel invasion by forming substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

innate (nonspecific) immunity

A

physical barriers

secretions with antimicrobial activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

acquired (adaptive, specific) immunity

A

specific, directed toward specific agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

cells required for acquired immunity

A
  1. presenters of foreign substance to responders
  2. responders that produce antibodies
  3. responders that destroy infected cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

innate surface barriers

A

skin

mucous membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

innate internal defenses

A 
phagocytes
fever
NK cells
antimicrobial proteins
inflammation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

humoral immunity

A

adaptive

B cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

cellular immunity

A

adaptive

T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

antigens

A

a. substances that can mobilize immune response
b. may be soluble or attached to cell
c. may be proteins, polysaccharides, or lipids
d. contain epitopes
e. can be self-antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

types of antigens

A

complete

hapten (incomplete, must be bound to body’s self protein)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

epitope

A

antigenic determinants

specific portion of antigen recognized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

antibody characteristics

A

a. produced by plasma cells
b. glycoproteins of immunoglobulin family
c. soluble or attached to surface of lymphocytes
d. recognized bind to specific epitope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

antibody structure

A
  1. multimeric protein (2 light/heavy proteins)
  2. Fc region
  3. Fab region
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Fab region

A

a. antigen binding
b. hypervariable
c. two per molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

IgM

A
  1. first antibody produced in initial immune response
  2. bound to B lymphocytes
  3. stimulates clonal expansion and differentiation of plasma cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

IgG

A
  1. most abundant antibody in blood
  2. produce in late primary and secondary response
  3. facilitates destruction of bacteria and viruses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

IgE

A
  1. Fc region binds to receptors on mast cells and basophils
  2. low levels in blood
  3. antibody-mast cell complex stimulates release of histamine and other molecules
18
Q

IgA

A
  1. in secretions (saliva, tears, etc.)
  2. enzyme resistant
  3. active against bacteria and viruses
19
Q

IgD

A

very low concentration, mostly bound to B lymphocytes

20
Q

lymphocyte characteristics

A
  1. multiple subpopulations

2. distinguished by membrane proteins; cluster differentiation markers, receptors

21
Q

T lymphocytes

A

a. T cell receptor (TCR) on cell surface
b. only recognize epitopes bound to receptors (MHC) molecules on other cells
c. subpopulations distinguished by CD markers

22
Q

CD 4

A

helper T cells; central to immune response; coordinate response of other lymphocytes

23
Q

CD 8

A

cytotoxic T cells

T supressor cells

24
Q

cytotoxic T cells

A

involved in cell-mediated response

25
Q

T supressor cells

A

turn off response

26
Q

B lymphocytes

A
  1. IgM bound to surface with Fab fragment exposed
  2. recognized epitope becomes activated
  3. clonal expansion
  4. differentiate into plasma cells and memory B cells
  5. anamnestic response
27
Q

clonal expansion

A

proliferation of activated B cells

28
Q

anamnestic response

A

powerful response to second exposure

29
Q

MHC characteristics

A

a. integral membrane proteins
b. combine with peptides derived from viruses or other foreign substances
c. display forming antigens on cell surface

30
Q

MHCI

A

a. found on cell surfaces

b. present antigent to cytotoxic T cells

31
Q

MHCII

A
  1. found on antigen presenting cells – macrophages, dendritic cells, activated T cell, etc.
  2. presentation to helper T cell is central to coordinating immune response
32
Q

antigen presenting cells (APC)

A

macrophage

T helper cell (CD4)

33
Q

macrophage

A
  1. ingestion and partial digestion of foreign substance

2. presentation of foreign material on surface by MCHII

34
Q

T helper cell (CD4)

A
  1. recognizes MHCII-antigen complex
  2. binds to macrophage
  3. activates cytotoxic T cells
  4. activates B cells to create plasma cells generating antibodies
35
Q

primary response

A
  1. takes 
about two weeks to develop peak 
antibody levels and activities 
(titers).
  2. IgM and IgG antibody
concentrations do not remain
elevated.
36
Q

secondary response

A
  1. characterized by a very rapid increase
in IgG antibody concentration and titer, 
rises to levels much higher than those
of the primary response.
  2. Antibody 
activity remains elevated for an
extended period after the second
exposure to the antigen.
37
Q

roles of helper T cells

A
  1. Activate both humoral and cellular arms
  2. Once primed by APC presentation of antigen, helper T cells:
    a. Help activate B cells and other T cells
    b. Induce T and B cell proliferation
    c. Secrete cytokines that recruit other immune cells
    3 Without TH, there is no immune response
38
Q

phagocytic cells

A

neutrophils
macrophages
Langerhan’s cells
dendritic cells

39
Q

removal of bacteria

A

by neutrophils:
margination
diapedesis

40
Q

margination

A

attraction of circulating neutrophils:

a. endothelial cells secrete attractant molecules
b. neutrophils slow and briefly adhere to endothelium

41
Q

diapedesis

A

movement of neutrophils between endothelial cells into connective tissue

Tri 1 - C&T (36 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions