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Tri 1 - C&T > Unit 3 Digestive System > Flashcards

Unit 3 Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

digestive general structure

A 
tube with 4-layered wall: 
mucosa
submucosa
muscularis externa (propria)
serosa adventitia
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2
Q

digestive function

A

ingest, digest, absorb

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3
Q

digestive components

A
  1. oral cavity
  2. pharynx
  3. esophagus
  4. stomach
  5. small intestine
  6. large intestine
  7. rectum
  8. anus
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4
Q

associated digestive glands

A
  1. salivary glands
  2. liver
  3. pancreas
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5
Q

mucosa functions

A

a) selective barrier
b) secretion
c) absorption

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6
Q

mucosa components

A

a) epithelial layer
b) lamina propria – loose connective tissue
c) muscularis mucosa – smooth muscle

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7
Q

submucosa

A
  1. loose connective tissue
  2. blood and lymphatic vessels
  3. Meissner’s plexus – part of the autonomic nervous system
  4. glands in the esophagus and duodenum
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8
Q

muscular externa

A
  1. usually two layers of smooth muscle

2. Auerbach’s (myenteric) plexus – part of the autonomic nervous system

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9
Q

serosa/adventitia

A
  1. adventitia in areas where organ is embedded in other tissue
  2. serosa with mesothelium where there is a free surface
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10
Q

esophagus function

A

transport food from mouth to stomach

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11
Q

esophagus mucosa

A

stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium

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12
Q

esophagus submucosa

A

secretory glands

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13
Q

muscularis externa

A

upper 1/3 – skeletal
middle 1/3 – skeletal and smooth
lower 1/3 – smooth

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14
Q

serosa/adventitia

A

adventitia above diaphragm

serosa below diaphragm

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15
Q

stomach functions

A
  1. convert ingested food to acidic chyme
  2. secretes pepsin (exocrine)
  3. secrete hormones (endocrine)
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16
Q

stomach regions

A

cardia
fundus & body (histo-identical)
pylorus

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17
Q

stomach rugae

A
  1. longitudinal folds of mucosa and submucosa

2. not permanent – disappear when stomach fills

18
Q

stomach mucosa

A
  1. pits and glands

2. cells

19
Q

stomach mucosa cells

A
  1. stem cells: in neck region and mucous neck cells
  2. parietal cells : HCl and intrinsic factod chief cells
  3. Chief cells: zymogenic granules contain pepsinogen and gastric lipase
  4. enteroendocrine cells
20
Q

stomach submucosa

A

course collagenous fibers, elastic fibers, blood/lymph vessels, nerves and plexus of Meissner. No glands

21
Q

stomach muscularis externa

A
  1. inner oblique
  2. middle circular
  3. outer longitudinal
22
Q

small intestine function

A
  1. final digestion
  2. absorption
  3. endocrine secretion
23
Q

small intestine segments

A
  1. duodenum
  2. jejunum
  3. ileum
24
Q

small intestine muscosa

A
  1. structural increase in SA
  2. crypts of Lieberkuhn
  3. cells
  4. Peyer’s patches (lamina propria of ilium)
25
Q

structural increase in SA

A

plicae circulares (permanent folds)
villi
microvilli

26
Q

cells of mucosa

A

a) intestinal absorptive cells
b) goblet cells
c) Paneth cells
d) enteroendocrine cells

27
Q

intestinal absorptive cells

A

enterocytes; columnar epithelial cells with microvilli

28
Q

intestinal goblet cells

A

protection and lubrication; increase in number as approach the ileum

29
Q

intestinal Paneth cells

A

base of crypts; secrete lysozyme

30
Q

enteroendocrine cells

A

(1) cholecystokinin(CCK)

(2) secretin

31
Q

cholecystokinin (CCK)

A

stimulates secretion of pancreatic enzymes; stimulates contraction of gall bladder

32
Q

secretin

A

stimulates pancreas to release bicarbonate and water

33
Q

small intestine submucosa

A

Brunner’s glands in duodenum secrete alkaline mucous

34
Q

large intestine functions

A
  1. absorb water
  2. produce mucous
  3. form feces
35
Q

large intestine components

A
  1. cecum
  2. ascending colon
  3. transverse colon
  4. descending colon
  5. sigmoid colon
  6. rectum
36
Q

large intestine mucosa

A
  1. no villi
  2. glands of Lieberkuhn
    a) absorptive cells
    b) goblet cells
  3. extensive diffuse lymphoid tissue in lamina propria
37
Q

large intestine muscularis externa

A

outer longitudinal layer – three bands called teniae coli

38
Q

rectoanal junction mucosa

A
  1. epithelium changes abruptly from simple columnar to stratified squamous nonkeratinized
  2. muscularis mucosa disappears
39
Q

rectoanal submucosa

A

hemorrhoidal veins

40
Q

rectoanal muscularis externa

A

inner circular layer forms internal anal sphincter

Tri 1 - C&T (36 decks)

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