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Tri 1 - C&T > Unit 3 Urinary > Flashcards

Unit 3 Urinary Flashcards

1
Q

function

A
  1. filter metabolic wastes from blood
  2. maintain acid/base balance
  3. maintain fluid and electrolyte balance
  4. hormone production
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2
Q

structures

A
  1. paired kidneys
  2. paired ureters
  3. bladder
  4. urethra
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3
Q

kidney structures

A 
hilus
cortex
medulla
medullary rays
renal lobe
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4
Q

hilus

A

a) blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves enter and exit

b) renal pelvis, major and minor calyces collect urine

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5
Q

cortex

A

renal corpuscles

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6
Q

medulla

A

pyramids of tubules separated by cortical columns (of Bertin)

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7
Q

medullary rays

A

columns of tubules extending into the cortex

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8
Q

renal lobe

A

medullary pyramid and overlying cortex

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9
Q

renal blood flow

A 
aorta
renal artery
segmental artery
interlobar artery
arcuate artery
cortical radiate (interlobular) artery
afferent arteriole 
glomerulus
efferent arterioles
peritubular capillary plexus
cortical radiate vein
arcuate vein
interlobar vein
renal vein
inferior vena cava
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10
Q

arcuate arteries

A

coritcomedullary junction

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11
Q

peritubular capillary plexus

A

surround tubules

vasa recta - juxtamedullary nephrons

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12
Q

filtration flow

A 
glomerulus
proximal convoluted tubule
thin segment
descending loop of Henle
ascending loop of Henle 
thick segment
distal convoluted tubule 
collecting duct
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13
Q

renal corpuscle components

A

glomerulus
bowman’s capsule
podocytes
mesangial cells

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14
Q

glomerulus

A

capillary tuft

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15
Q

bowman’s capsule

A

encloses urinary space

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16
Q

podocytes

A

visceral layer; pedicels, filtration slits

17
Q

mesangial cells

A

support capillary wall and basement membrane; act as phagocytes

18
Q

renal corpuscle filtration barrier

A
  1. endothelium of glomerular capillary
  2. fused basla lamina
  3. pedicels
19
Q

proximal tubule

A

a) longer than distal tubule
b) convoluted and straight portions
c) simple cuboidal epithelium with brush border

20
Q

proximal tubule functions

A

(1) absorb 85% of NaCl and water; glucose, amino acids and small proteins
(2) secrete creatinine

21
Q

loop of Henle

A

a) allows the production of hypertonic urine
b) descending limb permeable to water
c) ascending limb impermeable to water
d) thick ascending limb actively transports NaCl out of tubule

22
Q

distal tubule

A

a) simple cuboidal epithelium; no brush border
b) smaller cells than proximal tubule
c) macula densa – part of the juxtaglomerular apparatus
d) secretes hydrogen and ammonium ions to maintain acid/base balance
e) responds to aldosterone by resorbing sodium and secreting potassium

23
Q

collecting tubules and ducts

A

a) cuboidal epithelium with distinct lateral borders
b) vasopressin (ADH) increases permeability to water allowing it to return to blood
c) delivers urine to renal pelvis

24
Q

juxtaglomerular apparatus

A
  1. afferent arteriole
  2. distal tubule
  3. extraglomerular masangial cells
  4. renin-angiotensin system
25
Q

afferent arteriole

A

juxtaglomerular cells
modified smooth muscle cells
secrete renin

26
Q

distal tubule

A

macula densa
narrow columnar epithelium
detect sodium ion concentration of filtrate

27
Q

renin-angiotensin system

A

a) macula densa monitors ion concentration and communicates with juxtaglomerular cells
b) juxtaglomerular cells release renin
c) renin converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I (inactive)
d) converting enzyme in lung endothelial cells converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II
e) angiotensin II increases blood pressure; vasoconstriction; stimulates aldosterone release (conserves sodium and chloride)

28
Q

external passages

A 
calyces
renal pelvis
ureters
bladder
urethra
29
Q

basic structure

A
  1. mucosa
  2. no submucosa
  3. muscularis
30
Q

mucosa

A
  1. transitional epithelium except in urethra
  2. lamina propria (loose to dense CT)
  3. no muscularis mucosa
31
Q

muscularis

A

smooth muscle; helical with areas of inner circular and outer longitudinal

32
Q

bladder

A

dome cells of epithelium

three layers of smooth muscle

33
Q

urethra (male)

A

prostatic (transitional epithelium)
membranous (stratified/pseudo columnar epithelium)
penile (pseudo stratified columnar, some squamous)

34
Q

urethra (female)

A

stratified squamous nonkeratinized with some pseudostratified columnar epithelium

35
Q

urine passage

A 
nephron
collecting duct
papillary duct
minor calyx
major calyx
renal pelvis
ureter
urinary bladder

Tri 1 - C&T (36 decks)

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