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Tri 1 - C&T > Unit 3 Circulatory > Flashcards

Unit 3 Circulatory Flashcards

1
Q

CS function

A

distribution of hormones

transport of waste products to excretory organs

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2
Q

CS components

A

heart - pump
arteries
veins
capillaries

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3
Q

arteries

A
  1. carry blood away from he heart
  2. vessels get progressively smaller
  3. thicker wall than veins
  4. resist changes in BP in larger arteries
  5. regulate blood flow in arterioles
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4
Q

veins

A
  1. return blood to heart
    converge into progressively larger vessels
  2. lower pressure then arteries
  3. thinner walls and larger lumens than corresponding artery
  4. have endothelial covered valves to ensure one-way flow
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5
Q

capillaries

A

large number of thin walled vessels

site of exchange between blood and tissue

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6
Q

pulmonary (RS) circuit

A

receives oxygen poor blood from tissues

pumps blood to lungs to get rid of CO2, pick up O2

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7
Q

systemic (LS) circuit

A

receives oxygenated blood from lungs

pumps blood to body tissues

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8
Q

atria

A

thinner walled

receive good from systemic

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9
Q

ventricles

A

thicker walled

distributes blood to pulmonary or systemic circulation

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10
Q

valves

A
  1. maintain unidirectional flow of blood through heart
  2. atrioventricular valves separate atria from ventricles
  3. pulmonic valve separates right ventricle from pulmonary trunk
  4. aortic valve separates left ventricle from ascending aorta
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11
Q

cardiac skeleton

A
  1. central region of heart surrounding valves
  2. dense CT; may become calcified
  3. provides support for valves and great vessels
  4. anchors cardiac muscle
  5. annuli fibrosae
  6. triton fibrosae
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12
Q

annuli fibrosae

A

surround valves

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13
Q

triton fibrosae

A

triangular masses between annuli

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14
Q

heart wall

A
  1. endocardium
  2. myocardium
  3. epicardium
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15
Q

endocardium

A
  1. lined with endothelium
  2. subendothelium
  3. wubendocardial layer
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16
Q

subendothelium

A

loose CT

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17
Q

subendocardial layer

A

CT, nerves, conducting system of heart (purkinje fibers)

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18
Q

myocardium

A

thickest layer, cardiac muscle, fibrous skeleton

19
Q

epicardium

A

aka visceral layer of pericardium

  1. mesothelium
  2. loose CT w/veins, nerves, autonomic ganglia
  3. adipose tissue
20
Q

heartbeat impulse

A
  1. Modified cardiac muscle cells
  2. Sinoatrial node: in wall of right atrium near entrance of superior vena cava; cells spontaneously depolarize and initiate impulse
  3. internodal tracts connect sinoatrial node with atrioventricular node
  4. atrioventricular node – inferior wall of right atrium
  5. interventricular bundle of His
  6. left and right bundle branches – Purkinje cells
  7. Purkinje cells conduct to apex of heart where contraction initiated
21
Q

vessel structure

A
  1. tunica intima
  2. tunica media
  3. tunica adventitia
22
Q

tunica intima

A

inner lining of endothelium
subendothelial CT
internal elastic lamina (arteries)

23
Q

tunica media

A

middle, concentric layers of sm
elastic/reticular fibers, proteoglycans
ext. elastic lamina (lg. arteries)

24
Q

tunica adventitia

A

longitudinally arranged type I collagen fibers, elastic fibers, continuous with CT of surrounding organs

25
Q

vasa vasorum

A
  1. walls of lg. vessels
  2. provide nutrition for outer layers of media and adventitia of lg. vessels
  3. more frequent in veins
26
Q

capillaries

A
  1. 7-9 microns diameter
  2. single layers of endothelial cells resting on basal lamina
  3. cells held together by tight junctions
  4. pericytes
27
Q

pericytes

A
  1. in capillaries and post capillary venules
  2. outside endothelial layer
  3. after tissue injury can proliferate and differentiate to rebuild vessels
28
Q

types of capillaries

A

continuous
fenestrated
sinusoidal

29
Q

continuous capillary

A
  1. widespread in muscle, lung, connective tissue, exocrine glands, nervous tissue
  2. no pores (fenestrae)
    pinocytic vesicles invovled in transcellular transport
30
Q

fenestrated capillary

A
  1. endothelial cells with fenestra (pores) and continuous basal membrane
  2. where rapid exchange occurs
    kidney, intestine, endocrine glands
31
Q

sinusoidal capillary

A
  1. much larger diameter
  2. discontinuous endothelia wall with fenestra
  3. macrophages in gaps between endothelial cells
  4. in liver, bone marrow, spleen
32
Q

anastomoses

A

interconnections of blood vessels; connects arterioles and venules

33
Q

sphincters open

A

blood flows through true capillaries

34
Q

sphincters closed

A

blood flows through metarteriole bypassing true capillaries

35
Q

metarteriole

A

thoroughfare channel

36
Q

portal system

A

two capillary beds separated by vein or artery

37
Q

hepatic portal system

A

capillaries of gut to drain to hepatic portal vein then empty into capillaries of liver

38
Q

kidney portal system

A

glomerulus drains to efferent arteriole then to peritubular capillaries

39
Q

large arteries

A

elastic or conducting arteries

  1. thick tunica intima
  2. thick tunica media: fenestrated elastic lamina, smooth muscle
  3. tunica adventitia relatively thin
40
Q

medium arteries

A

distributing, muscular arteries

  1. media has more smooth muscle, less elastin
  2. prominent internal and external elastic lamina
41
Q

small arteries/arterioles

A
  1. tunica media 5-10 layers smooth muscle in small arteries; 1-4 layers in arterioles
  2. adventitia: thin, blends in with surrounding connective tissue
42
Q

post capillary venules

A
  1. similar to capillaries; larger lumen

2. similar función to capillaries

43
Q

small and medium veins

A
  1. thin media
  2. well-developed adventitia
  3. valves
44
Q

large veins

A
  1. well developed intima
  2. thin media
  3. thick adventitia: in veins inferior to heart contains longitudinally arranges bundles of smooth muscle

Tri 1 - C&T (36 decks)

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