Unit 2 Cartilage

Question 1

types of cartilage

Answer 1

hyaline
elastic
fibrocartilage

Question 2

cartilage matrix

Answer 2

solid ground substance
high water resists compression
cells in lacunae
fibers of collagen/elastin

Question 3

cartilage cells

Answer 3

chondroblasts
chondrocytes
secrete fibers and matrix

Question 4

distinctions

Answer 4

lacks nerve endings
lacks vasculature
lacks lymphatics

Question 5

hyaline cartilage

Answer 5

glassy, translucent

most abundant; amorphous firm matrix; collagen fibers form imperceptible network

Question 6

hyaline locations

Answer 6

articular surfaces of synovial joints
fetal skeleton
respiratory ducts
costal cartilage
epiphyseal plates

Question 7

perichondrium

Answer 7

dense irregular CT surrounding cartilage
fibrous outer layer of fibroblasts and type I collagen
chondrogenic zone in actively growing cartilage with chondroblasts

Question 8

chondroblasts

Answer 8

chondrogenic zone
secrete matrix
reside in lacunae

Question 9

chondrocytes

Answer 9

reside in lacunae
secrete matrix
maintain matrix

Question 10

hyaline matrix

Answer 10

fibers - type II collagen
ground substance
territorial matrix
interterritorial matrix

Question 11

hyaline ground substance

Answer 11

proteoglycans (chondroitin sulfate, keratin sulfate) associated with hyaluronic acid
highly hydrated, shock absorber

Question 12

hyaline territorial matrix

Answer 12

immediately surrounding chondrocytes
rich in GAGs, poor in collagen
stains basophilic

Question 13

hyaline interterritorial matrix

Answer 13

away from chondrocytes
rich in collagen
stains less basophilic

Question 14

cartilage nutrition

Answer 14

diffusion from perichondrium
limits thickness
articular cartilage lacks perichondrium (synovial fluid, requires movement)

Question 15

elastic cartilage

Answer 15

similar to hyaline
contains elastic fibers, type II collagen
more flexible than hyaline

Question 16

elastic cartilage locations

Answer 16

external ear, epiglottis, eustachian tube

Question 17

fibrocartilage

Answer 17

similar to dense regular CT
cells in lacunae, in rows
type I collagen fibers
no perichondrium

Question 18

fibrocartilage locations

Answer 18

IVD
symphysis pubis
TMJ
menisci of knee
labrum glenohumeral/coxofemoral joints

Question 19

interstitial cartilage growth

Answer 19

chondrocytes divide isogenous groups
mainly during early growth
important in epiphyseal plates/articular cartilage
new matrix made within cartilage

Question 20

appositional growth

Answer 20

from differentiation of chondroblasts in chondogenic zone of perichondrium
new matrix laid down on surface of cartilage

Question 21

GAGs

Answer 21

glycosaminoglycans
large carbs, repeating disaccharides
hydrophilic, becomes gelatinous
collagen and elastic fibers embed

Question 22

proteoglycans

Answer 22

when GAGs bond to protein

Question 23

examples of GAGs

Answer 23

chondroitin sulfate
keratin sulfate
hyaluronate

Question 24

hyaluronic acids

Answer 24

can be several thousand sugars long
often associates with proteoglycans for form proteoglycan-hyaluronate complex
bind water, lubricated moveable joints

Question 25

gristle cartilage

Answer 25

hyaline cartilage due to its resistance to wear and tear

Question 26

hyaline cartilage function

Answer 26

supports, reinforces; resilient cushion; resists compressive stress

Question 27

elastic cartilage function

Answer 27

maintain the shape of a structure while allowing flexibility

Question 28

fibrocartilage function

Answer 28

tensile strength, absorb compressive shock