Unit 2 Cartilage Flashcards
types of cartilage
hyaline
elastic
fibrocartilage
cartilage matrix
solid ground substance
high water resists compression
cells in lacunae
fibers of collagen/elastin
cartilage cells
chondroblasts
chondrocytes
secrete fibers and matrix
distinctions
lacks nerve endings
lacks vasculature
lacks lymphatics
hyaline cartilage
glassy, translucent
most abundant; amorphous firm matrix; collagen fibers form imperceptible network
hyaline locations
articular surfaces of synovial joints fetal skeleton respiratory ducts costal cartilage epiphyseal plates
perichondrium
dense irregular CT surrounding cartilage
fibrous outer layer of fibroblasts and type I collagen
chondrogenic zone in actively growing cartilage with chondroblasts
chondroblasts
chondrogenic zone
secrete matrix
reside in lacunae
chondrocytes
reside in lacunae
secrete matrix
maintain matrix
hyaline matrix
fibers - type II collagen
ground substance
territorial matrix
interterritorial matrix
hyaline ground substance
proteoglycans (chondroitin sulfate, keratin sulfate) associated with hyaluronic acid
highly hydrated, shock absorber
hyaline territorial matrix
immediately surrounding chondrocytes
rich in GAGs, poor in collagen
stains basophilic
hyaline interterritorial matrix
away from chondrocytes
rich in collagen
stains less basophilic
cartilage nutrition
diffusion from perichondrium
limits thickness
articular cartilage lacks perichondrium (synovial fluid, requires movement)
elastic cartilage
similar to hyaline
contains elastic fibers, type II collagen
more flexible than hyaline
elastic cartilage locations
external ear, epiglottis, eustachian tube
fibrocartilage
similar to dense regular CT
cells in lacunae, in rows
type I collagen fibers
no perichondrium
fibrocartilage locations
IVD symphysis pubis TMJ menisci of knee labrum glenohumeral/coxofemoral joints
interstitial cartilage growth
chondrocytes divide isogenous groups
mainly during early growth
important in epiphyseal plates/articular cartilage
new matrix made within cartilage
appositional growth
from differentiation of chondroblasts in chondogenic zone of perichondrium
new matrix laid down on surface of cartilage
GAGs
glycosaminoglycans
large carbs, repeating disaccharides
hydrophilic, becomes gelatinous
collagen and elastic fibers embed
proteoglycans
when GAGs bond to protein
examples of GAGs
chondroitin sulfate
keratin sulfate
hyaluronate
hyaluronic acids
can be several thousand sugars long
often associates with proteoglycans for form proteoglycan-hyaluronate complex
bind water, lubricated moveable joints
gristle cartilage
hyaline cartilage due to its resistance to wear and tear
hyaline cartilage function
supports, reinforces; resilient cushion; resists compressive stress
elastic cartilage function
maintain the shape of a structure while allowing flexibility
fibrocartilage function
tensile strength, absorb compressive shock
