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Tri 1 - C&T > Unit 3 Digestive Glands > Flashcards

Unit 3 Digestive Glands Flashcards

1
Q

salivary glands

A

parotid
submandibular
sublingual

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2
Q

saliva functions

A
  1. lubricates food
  2. initiates digestion of carbohydrates
  3. immune function – secrete IgA and lysozyme
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3
Q

salivary gland structure

A
  1. capsule of connective tissue
  2. lobules
  3. serous acini
  4. mucous acini
  5. myoepithelial cells
  6. ducts
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4
Q

myoepithelial cells

A

a) highly branched contractile cells

b) within basal lamina

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5
Q

salivary gland ducts

A

a) intercalated ducts – initial segments; simple cuboidal
b) striated ducts – intralobular ducts; cuboidal to columnar
c) excretory ducts – interlobular ducts; stratified cuboidal to stratified
columnar
d) main duct of each gland empties into oral cavity; stratified squamous nonkeratinized

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6
Q

salivary gland innervation

A

Autonomic nervous system
1. parasympathetic stimulates large amount of watery secretion; little protein
2. sympathetic stimulates small amount viscous saliva rich in organic
material

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7
Q

parotid gland

A
  1. largest gland
  2. compound acinar
  3. serous only – granules rich in amylase
  4. plasma cells in connective tissue add IgA
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8
Q

submandibular gland

A
  1. compound tubuloacinar gland
  2. mucous and serous cells
  3. serous demilunes secrete lysozyme
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9
Q

sublingual gland

A
  1. compound tubuloacinar gland
  2. serous and mucous cells
  3. serous cells only in demilunes
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10
Q

pancreas structure

A
  1. capsule thin connective tissue with septa divides into lobules
  2. regionally divided into exocrine and endocrine gland
  3. endocrine – islets of Langerhans (2% of total gland)
  4. exocrine – compound acinar gland
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11
Q

pancreatic exocrine portion

A
  1. serous secretory units – digestive enzymes
  2. duct system
  3. secretions
  4. hormonal control
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12
Q

pancreatic duct system

A

a) centroacinar cells – penetrate acinus
b) intercalated ducts – secrete bicarbonate to neutralize chyme in intestine
c) main excretory duct – duct of Wirsung
d) accessory duct – duct of Santorini

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13
Q

pancreatic secretions

A

a) trypsinogen, carboxypeptidase, chymotrypsin
b) amylase
c) lipases
d) ribonuclease, deoxyribonuclease

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14
Q

pancreatic hormone control

A

a) chyme in duodenum stimulates enteroendocrine cells to release
secretin and cholecystokinin
b) secretin – duct cells secrete bicarbonate
c) CCK – acinar cells secrete digestive enzymes

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15
Q

pancreatic endocrine portion

A

islets of Langerhans
1. alpha cells produce glucagon; increases blood glucose levels
2. beta cells produce insulin; decreases blood glucose levels
3. delta cells produce somatostatin; inhibits secretion of glucagon and insulin
4. PP cells (F cells) produce pancreatic polypeptide; blocks CCK and inhibits
secretion of pancreatic enzymes

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16
Q

liver stroma

A

a) thin connective tissue capsule (Glisson’s capsule)
b) hilum: portal vein and hepatic artery enter; hepatic ducts and lymphatics exit
c) reticular connective tissue

17
Q

liver functional unit

A

lobule

a. central vein in center
b. portal areas at periphery
c. hexagonal in shape
d. duel blood supply

18
Q

periphery portal areas

A

portal vein
hepatic artery
bile duct

19
Q

liver blood supply

A 
hepatic portal vein (80%)
hepatic artery (20%)
20
Q

hepatic portal vein

A
  1. nutrient rich from intestinal tract

2. blood from spleen

21
Q

hepatic artery

A
  1. branch from celiac trunk

2. well-oxygenated blood

22
Q

liver sinusoids

A

a) specialized large capillary
b) discontinuous fenestrated endothelial cells
c) Kuppfer cells – macrophages
d) space of Disse – between endothelial cells and hepatocytes

23
Q

hepatocytes

A

functional units of liver

a) plates of cells
b) polyhedral shape
c) apical surface open to sinusoids
d) basolateral surfaces attach to other hepatocytes

24
Q

bile ducts drain bile from hepatocytes

A

a) bile canaliculus
b) Hering’s canal
c) bile ducts of the portal triads
d) right and left hepatic ducts
e) common hepatic duct
f) cystic duct
g) common bile duct

25
Q

liver function

A
  1. endocrine function – plasma proteins
  2. exocrine function – bile production
  3. metabolite storage
    a) lipids as triglycerides
    b) carbohydrates as glycogen
    c) vitamins especially vitamin A
  4. produce urea from deamination of amino acids
  5. detoxification and inactivation of drugs
26
Q

gallbladder function

A
  1. concentrate bile

2. store bile

27
Q

gallbladder structure

A
  1. mucosa – simple columnar epithelium
  2. no submucosa
  3. connective tissue binds to surface of liver
  4. free surface covered with serosa

Tri 1 - C&T (36 decks)

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