Unit 3 Lesson 2: Structure of the Body: Form

Question 1

What is anatomy

Answer 1

Anatomy is the study of the structure of the body, from the microscopic parts to the parts you can see and touch.

Question 2

What is physiology

Answer 2

Physiology is the study of the chemistry and physics of the structure of the body and how these processes work together to form a living organism.

Question 3

An important part of health science is learning these two essential sciences of the human body:

Answer 3

anatomy and physiology.

Question 4

What is a hierarchy in terms of our body

Answer 4

From the tiniest particles to full body systems, the structures of your body form a hierarchy or system that ranks items according to specific criteria.

Question 5

Our hierarchy can be compared to a

Answer 5

ladder

Question 6

What are atoms

Answer 6

. Our bodies are composed of atoms, which are the smallest unit of matter, and they form the bottom rung of our ladder.

Question 7

Ninety-nine percent of the human body is composed of just six types of atoms; what are these atoms

Answer 7

oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorous.

Question 8

Five other elements form a little less than 1 percent of the body’s matter:

Answer 8

potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium.

Question 9

What are trace elements

Answer 9

The rest are what we call trace elements—only a very tiny amount of each one is found in the body

Question 10

What are molecules

Answer 10

Atoms that are chemically bound together are called molecules.

Question 11

What are some kinds of molecules

Answer 11

Types of molecules in the body include water, protein, fats, and so on.

Question 12

Our next step up the ladder is the cellular level, elaborate

Answer 12

the cellular level, where many molecules together form the smallest unit of living matter called a cell.

Question 13

What is a cell

Answer 13

A cell is both a structure and a functional unit, meaning that the parts work together chemically and physically.

Question 14

What is the role of the cell membrane

Answer 14

cell membrane, you can think of this like the “skin” of the cell

Question 15

What is the role of the cytoplasm

Answer 15

cytoplasm, a semifluid material inside the cell that surrounds all the other parts

Question 16

What is the role of the nucleus

Answer 16

nucleus, it controls the activity of the cell and is the “brain” of the cell

Question 17

What is the role of the mitochondria

Answer 17

mitochondria, it produces energy for the cell processes

Question 18

What is the role of the lysosomes

Answer 18

lysosomes, these digest molecules

Question 19

What is the role of the ribosomes

Answer 19

ribosomes, structures that make protein

Question 20

What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 20

endoplasmic reticulum, it makes fats, hormones, and some carbohydrates

Question 21

What are tissues

Answer 21

These cells are what make up the tissues of our bodies, or distinct types of material of which animals or plants are made. Tissues are another rung up the ladder.

Question 22

There are four main types of tissue in the human body:

Answer 22

• Epithelial tissue
• Connective tissue
• Muscle tissue
• Nervous tissue

Question 23

What is the Epithelial tissue

Answer 23

membrane or skin that covers the outside of the body and the surfaces of organs within the body

Question 24

What is the connective tissue

Answer 24

binds together, supports, and protects the parts of the body

Question 25

What does muscle tissue mean?

Answer 25

responds to stimulation and can contract

Question 26

What does nervous tissue mean?

Answer 26

acts as a pathway to allow communication between different regions of the body

Question 27

Tissues work together to form the next level on our hierarchy of the body’s structure:

Answer 27

organs

Question 28

What is the organ

Answer 28

An organ is a structure made of two or more types of tissue that perform a specific function in the body.

Question 29

What do organs include

Answer 29

Organs include the heart, lungs, liver, brain, bladder, stomach, kidneys, and so on.

Question 30

One more step up, and we have organ systems. What are the organ systems

Answer 30

These are groups of organs working together to complete a job.

Question 31

Describe the digestive system

Answer 31

Think of the digestive system, which includes the mouth, stomach, large and small intestines, and numerous other organs; they all work together to digest the food you eat and, consequently, provide energy and nutrients to your body.

Question 32

And finally, the top rung of our structural ladder is the whole organism. Elaborate

Answer 32

The entire body as a unified organism is composed of all these structural levels, with tiny atoms forming molecules, molecules working together to make cells, cells functioning together in tissues, tissues cooperating to form organs, and organs working together in systems to do the jobs within the body. All these systems cooperate, from the tiny to the large, working together to form the structure of a living body. B