Unit 3 Lesson 5: Infectious Diseases in the Community Flashcards
There are three basic routes of exposure to bloodborne pathogens: Percutaneous
Percutaneous exposure happens through the skin, as with a needlestick.
There are three basic routes of exposure to bloodborne pathogens: mucosal
Exposure is defined as mucosal when infected fluid touches the mucous membranes, or the thin skin surfaces of the inside parts of the body.
There are three basic routes of exposure to bloodborne pathogens: non-intact skin
The third avenue of infection is through non-intact skin: an area with a scrape, cut, open sore, or even chapped skin.
Risks for Transmission of HIV, HBV, and HCV: Percutaneous
Sharing needles during intravenous drug use. Needles or syringes, rinse water, or any other equipment (works) used for drug injection can transmit virus.
Healthcare workers, waste disposal workers, or others in the community who may be punctured by an improperly disposed-of needle, either for healthcare use or illegal drug use.
Getting body piercings or tattoos from a shop that does not use sterile needles.
Risks for Transmission of HIV, HBV, and HCV: Mucosal
Having unprotected sex with many partners or with an infected individual.
Risks for Transmission of HIV, HBV, and HCV: Non-intact skin
Any contact with blood or bodily fluids when you have an open cut, sore, or scrape.
Risks for Transmission of HIV, HBV, and HCV: Other exposures
Being born to a mother who is infected.
Travel to regions with high rates of infection, such as parts of Asia, Africa, the Pacific Islands, and Eastern Europe.
Living with someone who has a chronic bloodborne infection.
But certain behaviors put people at higher risk for exposure. What kind of behviors
These behaviors include sharing needles for drug use or having unprotected sex.
importance of public education on blood transmiteted diseases
Public education campaigns aimed at communities who are most likely to engage in risky behaviors can help slow the spread of disease.
public helath efforts for blood pathogens
Public health efforts may include handing out free condoms to protect from sexual transmission and needle exchange or cleaning kits offered to drug users.
How can HIV, and to a lesser degree HBV and HCV be transmitted
Because HIV, and to a lesser degree HBV and HCV, can be transmitted by unprotected sexual activity or illegal drug use
HIV and HBV are two of many ? that are passed on by having unprotected sex
sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
Do STIs have cures
Though many STIs can be cured with medicine, HIV currently has no cure. However, there are medications that can help manage the HIV infection and greatly reduce its negative effects.
HIV and other STIs can be passed on by a partner who doesn’t know they have an STI. Many infections don’t cause any symptoms for a while but can still be transmitted. Standard precaustions in romatic relationshpis
Just like the standard precautions, people need to consider that any sexual partner is potentially infected, and they should use precautions to help reduce their risk. Being checked by a doctor early in an infection makes it easier to cure or manage, so people who may have been exposed should get tested.
Myths about HIV, HBV, and other bloodborne diseases: Casual Contact
You can’t get HIV or hepatitis from: hugging, sneezes and coughs, sharing food, bathing, toilet seats, or sweat
Myths about HIV, HBV, and other bloodborne diseases: Only certain people can get HIV or hepatitis
Anyone can get a bloodborne disease. People who ahv eunprotected sex and IV drug users have higher rates of HIV and HBV becasue they engage behaviors that put them at higher risk
Myths about HIV, HBV, and other bloodborne diseases: Mosquite bites can give you HIV or HBV
HIV and HBV are not trasmissted by mosquitoes or other insects. Some people also think they can catch these diseases from animals, but these are pathogens that are carried and transmitted by human blood and body fluids, not animals
First step of HIV, HBV, or HCV
The first step is getting tested. Anyone who may have been exposed should be tested, as well as certain groups who are at higher risk of infection. For those who are negative for hepatitis B, getting the hepB vaccination is recommended.
A certain percentage of people who get HBV or HCV have an acute infection. What does that mean
sudden and severe onset and short duration
What is it like for people who get HBV or HCV and have an acute infection
, which can sometimes be cured with treatment.
Once a person tests positive for HIV, HBV, or HCV, whats the next step?
Once a person tests positive for HIV, HBV, or HCV, the next step is to find the right medical facility for treatment. Many advances are being made in treatment for these conditions, and there is still hope for a cure.
Because of fears around infectious diseases like HIV and HBV, many people experience discrimination in schooling, employment, housing, or other areas if people know their infection status. How did the government respond to this
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is a civil rights law enacted in 1990 that protects people with disabilities from discrimination in public life. Diseases that impair the immune system or any other physical function are considered disabilities for the purposes of this law.
what does the ADA do
The ADA and other laws protect people from discrimination, and there are legal resources to help those who have experienced discrimination.
Whats HIV testing liek
HIV testing is offered for free in most places and is confidential, though anonymous results may need to be reported to the CDC to help them track the infection. Medical records are private, and there are very few reasons why anyone would ever need to disclose infection status.
Can employers force you to get tested for HIV
Employers cannot require testing for diseases, unless having the disease would impair a person’s job performance or put other people at risk.
The hospital food service has hired two new servers to deliver patient meals. The new workers should be provided training in how to avoid exposure to bloodborne pathogens.
True of False
True; Workers who work directly with patients are at special risk for needlestick injuries and other bodily fluid contact. But any worker could come into contact with bloodborne pathogens—by a needle that is accidentally left in bedsheets or through other items that have been contaminated. Appropriate training for servers is therefore a necessity.
Angie, an LPN, has been asked to help Mr. Cruz “cough and clear” his airway. Mr. Cruz has infectious bronchitis, so Angie will use PPE to keep herself from coming into contact with fluids that are expelled when Mr. Cruz is coughing. In this instance, Angie’s PPE should include:
* just gloves
* a gown and gloves
* just a mask
* a gown, gloves, and face sheild or mask and googels
a gown, gloves, and face sheild or mask and googels; Because coughing could make particles or fluid airborne, complete coverage is needed to keep possible pathogens from reaching Angie’s body. The mucous membranes of the openings in her face are especially vulnerable to pathogen penetration, so face and eye protection are important.
Imagine that you are volunteering at a long-term care facility. You are assisting a patient to get out of her bed when you feel a prick on your arm and see a spot of blood coming out.What would be the best thing to do?
- wash the area and report the incident to your supervisor
- wash the area when you have finished with the patient and tell your supervisor at your next regularly scheduled meeting
- pretend it didn’t happen because people will think you are clumsy
- yell for help because you might be infected
wash the area and report the incident to your supervisor; It is important to remove any clothing surrounding the area, wash well with soap and water, and tell your supervisor. Your supervisor should arrange for you to see a healthcare provider as post-exposure prophylaxis may help lower your chance of getting a bloodborne disease.
