Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Energy

A

The capacity to perform. Different types Elight Esound Eelectrical Egrqdient Echemical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

1st law of thermodynamics

A

Energy can be transferred or transformed. But cannot be created. Or destroyed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

2nd law of thermodynamics g

A

Every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy (disorder of the universe) whenever you transfer or transform energy, most of the energy is lost as heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Exergonic reactions

A

Proceed with a net releas of evergy. Something giving off energy. Be molecules formed have less energy than the react and or substrates
Net release of free energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Kinetic energy

A

Is the energy of motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Potential energy

A

Is energy that is stored

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Activation energy

A

For any reaction to occur molecules no must not only collide but collide with enough sufficient energy. So reactions never occur without receiving a boost of energy

This is the minimum quantity of energy that the reacting species must posses in order to undergo a specified reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is energy used for on a cell level and body level

A

Actively transporting molecules across the cell membrane
Building and rearranging molecules.
Moving body parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Energy from glucose goes to what carrier in humans

A 
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Phosphate bonds are unstable and bonds are unstable and highly energetic. Hydrolysis between phosphate groups releases energy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is an example of an end ergo doc reaction

A

Photosynthesis (energy is being used, in living systems these are usually coupled)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does an enzyme do to the activation energy

A

It decreases the activation energy by acting as a catalyst for reactants. It raises the rate of reaction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How many substrates do enezyme generally react with

A

Generally with one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Feedback inhibition

A

One of the most common methods of metabolic control. When the Neto olive pathway is switched off or slowed down by the end product

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the part of the enzyme called where the substrate attaches to?

A

Active site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Anabolism

A

Building (muscles) anabolic steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Catabolism

A

Reading down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cellular respiration formula

A

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 —> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Exergonic reaction have what type of curve

A

Exergonic reaction have a downhill curve where the reactants have more free energy and the products have less

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The hydrolysis of ATP

A

The bonds between the phosphate groups of ATP can be broken down with water and the difference of free energy released between the reactants and products are used within the cell for chemical transport and mechanical work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Each phosphate group in ATP is?

A

Negatively charged. The bonds between them are negatively charged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How can activation energy be provided

A

ATP and enzymes

22
Q

What are enzymes

A

Proteins or glycoproteins that lower activation energy by grabbing on to the reactants and place stress on the bonds so that they break

23
Q

Coenzyme

A

An enzyme that helps another enzyme with the active site shape so the substrate can attach

24
Q

Competitive inhibitors

A

Bind to the active site and make it harder or impossible for the substrate(s) to bind

25
Q

Non competitive inhibitors

A

Bind to the allosteric site and change the shape of the enzyme making it harder for the substrate to fit active site

26
Q

Photosynthesis

A

The process that converts solar energy into chemical energy. Endergonic reqction

Photo means light
And synthesis means to put things together

27
Q

Only organisms that contain_____ can photosynthesize

A

Chlorophyll (photosynthetic pigments

28
Q

Autotrophs

A

Plants or self feeders they sustain themselves without eating anything derived from other living beings. Produce organic molecules from inorganic molecules like CO2

Also known as the producers

29
Q

Heterotrophs

A

Obtain organic material from other organisms they are the consumers

30
Q

Carbon fixation

A

The production of organic carbon containing molecules from carbon dioxide gas

31
Q

Photosynthesis equation

A

6 CO2 + 6 H2O —> 6 O2 + C6H12O6. Through light

32
Q

Stomata (stoma)

A

Pores in the leaves where CO2 enters

33
Q

Redox reaction means

A

The reaction can go both ways like photosynthesis to cellular respiration

Invokes GER and LEO

34
Q

Leaves contain what in the tissue

A

Mesophyll that have chloroplast the site of photosynthesis

35
Q

Chloroplast

A

Organelles where photosynthesis occurs contains thylakoids

36
Q

Thylakoids

A

Contains (chlorophyll a) where light is absorbed

37
Q

Grana

A

The stack or thylakoids

38
Q

Stroma

A

Dense fluid In The chloroplast

Contain enzymes that catalyze reactions in synthesis of carbohydrates

39
Q

How many chloroplast can be in a single plant cell

A

Between 1 and 100

40
Q

The membrane inside the chloroplast is made up of ___membranes

A

Thylakoids

41
Q

Why are leaves green

A

Because they absorb mostly red, blue, and violet light and reflect a green light back

42
Q

In a photo system what does the proton from the light do ) how do plants harvest light

A

Protons strike the chlorophyll until one high powered electron jumps out and goes to primary electron receptor(a protein)

43
Q

Cellular respiration

A

Is the release of energy from molecules such as glucose accompanied by the use of this energy to synthesize ATP molecules

44
Q

Aerobic

A

Requires O2

Gives of CO2

45
Q

Glucose is oxidized Into what is the equation

A

6CO2. Carbon dioxide

46
Q

O2 is reduced into what within cellular respiration equation

A

6H2O

Water

47
Q

NAD+ and FAD are ?

A

Two coenzymes of redox reactions that are active during cellular respirations

48
Q

What is the four step process of converting food into energy

A

Glycolysis
Preparatory reaction
Centric acid cycle
Electron transport chain

49
Q

Glycolysis

A

Start with one melocule of glucose a 6 carbon sugar

50
Q

Glycolysis is anaerobic or aerobic

A

Anaerobic- does not need oxygen in cellular respiration

51
Q

Glycolysis produced how many net ATP

A

A net of 2. It requires 2 and then produces 4. 4-2=2

52
Q

Byproducts of glycolysis go to?

A

Fermentation

Biology (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions