The Rise Of Animal Diversity Flashcards
What happened when animals came onto the scene
It changed the evolution of everything else. Animals are animated and eat other things
When did animals start
About 650 mya
Which are older animals or plants
Animals are older than plants
Where did life start
In the ocean. This is why animals actually came before plants and fungi which are on the land
What are most animals
Invertsbrets.
Vertavrates are a small fraction
Animals is a what in terms of domain kingdom phyla and so on
Animals are considered a kingdom
What is humans closes relative of phyla
Chordates
Vertebrates are part of which phylum
Chordates. These include som vertebrates and other invertebrates
What is the basal taxon of animals
Sponges they are the closest the the common ancestor to animals
Sponges are examples of something that is sessile. What does this mean
That they are fixed in placed. Like plants are
What do most animals have that sponges don’t
Symmetry. Sponges have no symmetry
True complex multicellularity
Different kinds of cells doing different things for the organisms
Sponges also don’t have what compared to the other animal phylums
They don’t have tissues
All animals except sponges have what
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous
These are not in sponges
Porifera
Pore filers organism for water that leaves cavities
Water flows through by choanocytes that are flagellated and woo their flagella that draws water in through pores and out through exit. They filter the water for food
Phagocytosis occurs by choanocytes and then transport particles to a different cell ameovpcyte
Cnidarians
Include jelly fish
Sea anenamoes
Have stinging cells that paralyze the creatures they are feeding on.
They have symmetry
They have radial symmetry
Gastrovascular cavity
Cnodarians have these
Cavity in the body with one opening
The entrance and the exit. Like a mouth and anus
Radial symmetry
Based on a central point like a flower pot
Bilateral symmetry
Right left symmetry
More bilateral symmetry organisms
All true tissue animals start off as embryos which contain
Two layer
Ectoderm and endoderm
Diploblasts
Two layer tissues
Ectoderm and endoderm
Triploblasts
Include ectoderm and endoderm but also mesoderm
Body cavity
Is another way to classify animals
Coelomates Aceolomates
Animals with true body cavity
Acoelomates don’t have it
What does a body cavity allow for
The moving around of tissues without rubbing on each other.
It’s a fluid filled space that reduces friction.
Within body we have serous membrane like our pericardia that doesn’t allow beat of heart to rub against lung
Metezoa means
Animals
They are enterchangable
Eumetazoa
Every animals except sponges or porifera
Bilaterians
Humans are apart of this
bilateraly symmetrical animals
Subgroup within eumetozoa
Deuterostomia
Stoma means mouth so all bilaterians are this.
This means mouth developed second so anus first The other is protistoms which means mouth first
Humans are apart of this
This leads to phylum leval of chordates for humans
Chordates have hallmarks of what structure
They are names for a notochord
Kinda stiff but flexible rod allowed for muscles to pull on notochord to slow for efficient swimming
Dorsal hollow nerve chord
Nervous tissie that develops on the
develops into spinal chord
All have post anus tail
Ferengial slits
Chordates that are not vertavrates
lancelets look almost u change from ancestor
Tunicates or sea squirt
More specifically than chordates we are what
Vertebrates with vertable column
The separations of vertebrates is
Jaws mineralized skeleton
Gnath
Jaw or Agnatha no true jaw
Gnathestoms
Means jawed fishes
Humans are this
Pter
Means winged
Actinistoa
Lobbed liked muscular fins. Compared to the spiny actinopterygii
humans are this
Tetrapods
Four appendages which have digits
Humans are this
Animals lineages that invaded the land
Humans specifically in this are mammals
Two major types of tetrapods
Amphibians
Arthropods
Animal phylum that is most successful with the most adaptive radiation. Means jointed legs
Led to insects which are most animals alive today found almost everywhere where organisms are found except for the ocean.
Insects wings are derived form
Not the legs. They keep their legs which make them so advantageous
Amniotes include only
Reptiles and mammals not amphibians
Includes humans
Amphibians live
Part of their life on land and part of their life on water
Leg eggs that are soft shelled that need to be layed in water
Cleodoic
Hard shelled egg. Frees up for dependence of water and allows for oxygen and carbon dioxide to go through
Amniotes have 4 extre embryonic membranes
Amnion -Around the embryo and reduces shock
Allantois - waste dump
Yoke sack- food supply
Chorian- got gas exchange like lungs
3 major groups of mammals
Monetremes
Marsupials
Eutherians
Mammy have mamery glands that’s produce milk for young
Monetremes don’t have
Nipples
Milk just oozes out of skin
They also leg hard shell eggs
Lower body temp and metabolism
Marsupials
Immature blob of tissue gets born through vagina and then is somehow able to know to crawl up to the pouch and leach to nipple and developes more and almost is born again
Eutherians
Uterus development and undergo a lot
Almost ready to be on there own
Primates
Eutherians with manipulitable fingers and toes
Apes
Doesn’t include monkeys
This includes humans
Homo
Genus within apes
Chimpanzees have different genus it closest living relative
Sapiens
Our species name
For humans
Apps that wear cloths
Convolution
An example is when a moths probascis that is able to go up long tube like part of flower for nectar.
Specialized for a species organisms that are evolving together to leave out other organisms
