Resource Aquisituon Plants Flashcards
Water comes through the plant through what. What is this process called that’s one way?
Through the root system to the shoot system and evaporates through the leaves. This is called transportation goes through its own system of tubes called xylem
Sugar in plant goes?
Double sided up and down. But usually flows from a sugar source to a sugar sink or a place in the plant that needs sugar
What are the primary sugar sources in plants
Leaves and travels through the phloem
O2 and CO2 cone out and in
Carbon is taking in by photosynthesis and is fixed into organic material. This process is carbon fixation.
Through photosynthesis oxygen leaves the leaves and cones in through the roots
What organelle foes photosynthesis
Chloroplast
Complete oxidation of glucose
You use the glucose as efficiently as possible to get the most energy out of it
Glycolysis
Incomplete oxidation that gives you some energy and pyruvate
Cellular respiration
Plants have this as well in the mitochondria that maximizes atp
In the root system why does CO2 come out and o2 go in
Because the plant is in the dark. The complete oxidation of glucose is used and cellular respiration occurs to gain energy and release CO2 and water
Phyllotqxy
The way in which leaves are arranged
Leaves are arranged to maximize the sunlight absorption
Are the cells in plants body all connected
Yes intercellular junctions called plasmodesmata
Symplast
In the plasma membrane where the stuff is all connected
Apoplast
Travels in the cell walls and doesn’t contain all the cytosol
Transmemrane route
Start In either the apoplastic or symplastic route and transfer to the other.
What are the types of transport across a cells membrane
Active
Passive
Vesicular
Two majors of vesicular transport
Inward vesicular transport. Endsytosis
Exosytosis
Passive transport requires
Energy that’s already there such as a gradient
Active transport
An external source of energy
Moves things against a gradient. Moves things from a scarce position to a more plentiful position against the gradient
Diffusion always happens
Down a gradient from more highly concentration to less concentrated area
Simple diffusion through a transmemrane bilayer
Going through the phosphate head a lipid tail. Certain types of particles can go across the phospholipid bilayer. They must be small enough and non-polar
Simple diffusion that requires the help of a protein is
Facilitated diffusion that uses a transport protein that’s part of the membrane
Chanel proteins
Acts as a tunnel that acts for a specific particle based on the gradient. It is passive transport
Carrier protein
Temporarily binds to a receptor and the protein changes it’s shape. Can be passive and the energy can be from the gradient
Can be active transport if the protein uses external energy to carry a particle
Uniporter
Is a carrier protein that transport one type of particle
Cotransporters
Can move two different kinds of particle at the same time possibly.
If they are moving in the same direction they are symporters
Antiporters is one is coming in and the other is leaving
Pump
A carrier proteins that are being used for active transport
Primary active transport
Energy is being used directly for the pump
Secondary active transport
Using a gradient to drive a pump as the energy source to go against another particles gradient
Osmosis
The movement of a solvent across a selectively permeable from a high concentration of solute to a low concentration in order to reach equilibrium
Tonicity
The tendency for osmosis to occur through a cells membrane
Hypertonic
Hypotonic
Isotonic
Used to describe a cells environment
Plasmolysis
When a plant cell loses water due to the its hypertonic environment and osmosis which causes the cell to peak from the cell wall
This process is damaging to the cell
Hydroponics
Using aqueous solutions to grow a plant. You can replace solutes to see what plants need and what they can live without.
Botanist figure out elements plants need and don’t need through this in a chart
They need macronutrients and micronutrients
Macronutrients make up
The macromolecules that make up life
Polynucleotides polypeptides
Polysaccharides lipids
What two macromolecules have nitrogen in them
Polypeptides
Polynucleotides
Amino acids have
Amino group NH3 so nitrogen
What roles do micronutrients play in most organisms
They act as cofactors to bind to an enzyme to allow the enzyme to do its job
Cation exchange
A plants roothair will release protons through their proton pump into a soil solution in order to neutralized a soil particle that is negatively charged and has cations attaches to it. The cations will then be bombarded and released from the soil particle for the plant to utilize as cofactors
