Phylogeny

Question 1

Phylogeny

Answer 1

Classification based on shared ancestry

How related things are to each other

Question 2

Tick marks on a phylogenic tree represent

Answer 2

A change that has occurred or a mutation that was favored by natural selection and adopted by the lineage

Question 3

Convergent evolution

Answer 3

Results in similar features in unrelated organisms because of their environments that allow for the same selection pressures

Question 4

Taxon

Answer 4

Is a group ex.
Kingdom phylum class order family genus species (hierarchical arrangement)
Each taxon contain smaller taxon within it

Question 5

What are the biggest taxa

Answer 5

Domain eukarya
Domain bacteria
Domain archaea

Question 6

Binomial nomenclature

Answer 6

Scientific name for any given organisms.
Homo sapiens
Genus followed by the species

Capitalize the genus and never the species.
Always italicize both

Question 7

Prokaryote

Answer 7

Without true nucleus

Question 8

Eukaryote

Answer 8

With true nucleus

Question 9

Node

Answer 9

Represents speciation and how a species come into existence

Bode represents an ancestor most resent to the descendents or branches that com off of node

Question 10

Swiveling of modes allows for what on a phylogenetic tree

Answer 10

Multiple ways to draw the same tree.

Question 11

Sister taxa

Answer 11

Two lineages that sprang from the same node immediately. They are more closely related to each other than anything else in the tree

Question 12

Basal taxon

Base

Answer 12

Sprang from the ancestor of the entire tree that we are looking at. Base a direct lineage line that decadent directly from the ancestral. Most closely related

Question 13

Polytomy

Answer 13

An unresolved pattern of divergence. Not absolute impossible but very unlikely

A node that splits into 3 or more lineages

Question 14

What makes it difficult about construction phylogenetic trees

Answer 14

Since some organism will have analogous structures due to convergent evolution, it is hard to distinguish there major differences based on sight. DNA however will indicate the spermatozoon of the species and how they are or are not related

Question 15

Monophyletic group (Clade)

Answer 15

Includes the ancestor that is common to everything as well as everything that sprang from the node or defendant from the ancestor

Question 16

Paraphyletic

Answer 16

Taxon that includes the ancestor common to everyone in that group and includes some but not all descendants

Question 17

Polyphyletic

Answer 17

Does not include the ancestor that is common to everyone in the group

Question 18

What are the two categories of shared characters?

Answer 18

Derived

And

Ancestral

Question 19

Shared derived character

Answer 19

Applies to a specific group and is the closest character before the split into two lineages

Happening recently ancestroly

Question 20

Ancestral derived characters

Answer 20

Going pass a specific group. Right before the node of the specific group

Question 21

Without a given time on a phylogenetic tree. What does the length of the lineages mean

Answer 21

The amount of change in that lineage or mutation that has occurred.

Question 22

Parsimony

Answer 22

The condition in which there are more than 1 possible explanation. The one that’s simplest is the most likely. The less complex the more likely it would happen

Question 23

vertical gene transfer

Answer 23

Transferring a gene from one organism to another that is the offspring. Through reproduction

Question 24

Horizontal gene transfer t

Answer 24

Transferring dna from one organism to another that is not the offspring