The Colonization Of Land By Plants And Fungi

Question 1

What’s one huge difference between plants and fungi

Answer 1

Plants are photosynthetic photoautrophic and fungi are heterotrophs

Question 2

How are humans plants fungi and charophyte algae related

Answer 2

Charophyte algae are sister taxa while fungi and animals are sister taxa

Question 3

What does a fungus grow out of or on

Answer 3

It grows on its food compared to a plant which makes its food. It lives on its food in order to digest it and get the nutrients it need to survive. The fungus secretes enzymes out of its body on the food to break down the molecules so they are small enough to. E absorbed by the funguses body. Similar to animals

Question 4

Why are we called animals

Answer 4

Movement like animate. Animals are animated organisms to obtain their food

Question 5

Do humans put food into their body

Answer 5

No

Food is put into the Alimentary canal which is the tube from mouth to anus. And I’m the tube is still outside of the body because the food doesn’t go into the cells. Digestive enzymes are secreted out of the body to break down the food and absorbed the small enough molecules. Similar to a fungus

Question 6

What are the two groups of algae and which is closest related to plants

Answer 6

There are chlorophyte algae and charophyte and charophyte is most closely related

Question 7

Evidence that charophyte algae and plants are sister taxa?

Answer 7

Protein complexes that are ring like that act as molecular machines. Both charophyte and plants have cell wall. Both are made of cellulose

Strings of structural glucose monosaccharides

Ring like protein complex exports the glucose structural sacharides to outside cell to make cell wall

Question 8

What are the two processes that make one an organisms life cycle.

Answer 8

Fertilization

Meiosis

Question 9

What is fertilization

Answer 9

Fusion of two u unicellular gametes to produce one unicellular zygote

It doubles the ploidy

Question 10

What is ploidy

Answer 10

How many of each type of chromosomes you have

Question 11

Why was sex successful

Answer 11

Because it drastically increases the genetic variability of each offspring

May make the offspring more fit to their environment

Question 12

What un does the doubling of the ploidy

Answer 12

Meiosis and fertilization doubles it

Question 13

What do all sexual species have i. Terms of their stages of ploidy

Answer 13

A haploid stage and diploid stage

Question 14

Fungi live their adult life as haploid or diploid

Answer 14

Haploid. Their cells are haploid of their body

The gametes will creat a zygot that immediately undergoes meiosis that then grow from there

Question 15

Alternation of generation

Answer 15

Only for plants. The haploid stage and the diploid stage are multicellular. The sporophyte is the diploid stage

The gametophytes is the haploid stage

Question 16

Bryophytes

Answer 16

Easily see the gametophyte generation and the sporophyte generation

They are very small moss sporophyte on top supported by the gametophyte

Question 17

Why can’t cells get indefinitely big

Answer 17

Because of the surface area to volume ratio. The more volume you have the less surface there is to exchange enough materials for that much volume. Volume increases faster than surface area

Question 18

How do large multicellular organisms exist. What brings the nutrients to the cells that are deep with the organisms that can’t be reached by diffusion

Answer 18

Vessels. Like blood vessels in humans.

Conducted through the vessels is a fluid that is the environment that cells can use to get their nutrients

Question 19

Fungi are made up Tunisia called hapha the collection of these are called what

Answer 19

Mycelium

Question 20

Mycelium do what

Answer 20

Narrow tubes that run through the food that drastically increase the surface area of contact between the fungus and the food

Question 21

What does the mushroom shaped thing represent on fungi

Answer 21

A sexual organ called a fruiting body for producing spores. This makes more fungi. At this point the fungus is already mature

Question 22

Mycorrhizal relationship

Answer 22

Fungus root. Myco means fungus

Hypha of fungus go through cell walls of plant but do not pierce the membrane and lay a hand looking surface on the membrane. Like fingers poking a water balloon
This maximizes the surface area to exchange Marie materials between the plant and fungus

Mutualistic symbiosis

Question 23

How can fungi reproduce

Answer 23

Sexually or asexually

Question 24

Fertilization of fungi is separated into two ways based on time and the fusion of membrane and nucleus. What are the two different things called

Answer 24

Plasmogamy- fusion of cytoplasm temporarily with two nuclei this is a heterokaryotic stage- different nuclei

Karyogamy- the fusion of the two nuclei
Of the cell

Then there is a zygote

Question 25

Adult fungus going through a sexual reproduction is

Answer 25

Doesn’t undergo meiosis because it is already haploid so it produces cells that are the same through meiosis and then releases these through spores. These offspring are identical to the parent

Question 26

What are the five major groups of fungi

Answer 26

Chytrids which are the basal taxon(1000species)
Zygomycetes(1000)
Glomeromycetes (160 but most widespread)
Ascomycetes (65,000)
Basidiomycetes (30,000)

Question 27

How are chytrids different from the rest of the catergories of fungi

Answer 27

They are unicellular
Include yeast.
Some are also aquatic

Question 28

Are plants a true clade

Answer 28

Yes. This is also true for plants animals and fungi

Question 29

What did plants evolve from

Answer 29

An ancestral green alga

Question 30

What are the two major groups of plants

Answer 30

Non vascular and vascular

Question 31

Vascular plants can be split into what two major groups

Answer 31

Seedless ie ferns are the most common example does. It produce seeds has free swimming gametes

And

Seed plants

Question 32

Seeded vascular plant ya have what over other plants

Answer 32

The most advantage because the seed allows for more adaptive radiation and reproduction

Question 33

What are the two types of seeded plants

Answer 33

Gymnosperms ( means naked seed)

And

Angiosperms (chambered seed or vessels)

Angiosperms are the most successful

Question 34

What is the most successful type of plant

Answer 34

Angiosperms because they developed flowers fruit double fertilization

Question 35

What is the dominant generation of bryophytes

Answer 35

The gametophyte is the dominant generation because it is larger and supports the sporophyte

Question 36

Seedless vascular plants have what dominant generation

Answer 36

The sporophyte generation is dominant and is much bigger than the gametophytes. It both are multicellular because of alternation of generations

Question 37

Seeded vascular plants have what dominant generation

Answer 37

Sporophyte is the dominant generation and the gametophyte is only a couple cells and within the body of the sporophyte

Question 38

An underutilized seed of a plant is called what

Answer 38

An ovule

Question 39

An ovule contains what

Answer 39

The gametophyte generation inside it and if the sperm from the male gametophyte then the ovul becomes a seed with a developing embryo

Question 40

Why do plants make flowers

Answer 40

To attract animals to help the plants pollinate.

Question 41

4 worls of flowers

Answer 41

Carpel female part egg producing device and producing of ovule
Stamen.

Petal
Sepal

Question 42

What is a lichen

Answer 42

Symbiotic relationship between a fungus and a microscopic photosynthetic organism

Grow on bare rock

Allows for soil production from the rock by breaking it down along with organic material from the organisms

Question 43

Endophyte

Answer 43

A fungus within a plant and the cells. Not the roots mutualistic relationship

Less mortality rate of leaf with endophyte

Question 44

Radial symmetry and bilateral of flowers was proven to ha e more what in one of the symmetries

Answer 44

More adaptive radiation in the radial summery because insects can get in easier and brush the appropriate stuff more easily compare to bilateral flowers