Part 2 of acquisition of resources for plants

Question 1

The things living on land are surrounded by what that 3 quarters of the air

Answer 1

Nitrogen

Almost no organism can used n2 in that form because it is has a triple bond so it’s too strong to break

Question 2

Bacteria can do what with N2

Answer 2

Break the triple bind and allow the rest of the world to use nitrogen

Only specific species can do this

Question 3

Nitrogen fixing bacteria

Answer 3

Bacteria that take N2 and incorporating it into something that is a nitrogenous compound

Question 4

What nitrogenous compounds can you pants use

Answer 4

Ammonium NH4+ and nitrate NO3-

Nitrate is favored and when it’s taken by plant it is converted to ammonium

Question 5

Denitrifying bacteria

Answer 5

Take the nitrogenous compounds and turn them back to N2

Question 6

Legumes

Answer 6

Have root nodules that look like growths but are healthy because they are a mutualistic endosymbiosis

The nodules has bacteria that fix nitrogen and provide enough nitrogen for the plant and also enrich the soil

Question 7

What are the two major categories of mycorrhizae

Answer 7

Exctomycorrhizae Thick matte of fungus on the outside of the root and not near cells of plant

Arbuscular mycorrhizae. A bunch of branches of the fungus that have handsome structure that have a greater surface area contact to the plant

Question 8

Epiphyte

Answer 8

A plant that lives on another plant. Not parasitic only using the other plant as a surface

Question 9

Parasitic plants

Answer 9

Some use a little bit of photosynthesis but may give it up to two into the vessels or mycorrhizae of another plant species for their nutrition

Question 10

Carnivorous plants

Answer 10

Take organic material from something else like an animal to use it as food

Question 11

What eventually blocks things on the apoplastic route as it gets further into the root

Answer 11

Eventually you will run into a barrier made up of a circle of cells that has casparian strip making a wall of protein

Plasmadesmata allows things through the cells

Question 12

What is the engine pulling transpiration

Answer 12

Evaporation that is caused by the hydrogen bonds of water molecules that is being pulled through evaporation and goes all the way down to the soil

Cohesion and adhesion are taking place to cause upward movement

Adhesion makes the water molecules move up the wall of the tubes and then water molecules sticking to themselves cohesion

Question 13

Cohesion

Answer 13

The force of attraction between molecules of the same type

Question 14

Adhesion

Answer 14

The attraction of different types of molecules

Question 15

What happens if a tree is too tall

Answer 15

Gravity will win and break some of the hydrogen bonds that will cause a cavity of space not filled with xylem. Nothing would drag the rest of the water molecules and the tree would die

Socoyas have a very well made transpiration system to make them the tallest things

Question 16

Where are stomata found

Answer 16

On both surfaces of the leaf

Question 17

Why do plants need stoma

Answer 17

For evaporation and to allow CO2 to come in for photosynthesis

Question 18

What are stoma on leafs

Answer 18

Made up of guard cells

When oppened the cell wall near the opening is thick and the one further away is thin and micro fibers are oriented from the further side from the opening to pull the stoma open

The inflation of the cell is cause by osmosis

This opens and closes its: osmosis

Question 19

How do plants create an osmotic gradient

Answer 19

Through a solute gradient
Hydrogen ions are being pump and wants to come back in and brings potassium ions which means there is a high amount of potasuons concentration causing osmosis to favor the turgid effect of the plant.

Question 20

How do oleanders stop too much evaporation on their leaves

Answer 20

Their stoma is in a little cave which reduces the wind that causes evaporation to slow it down and keep water

Question 21

Where does sugar travel in most species to the sink

Answer 21

Through the symplast to the sink through the phloem

Other species sometimes the sucrose will leave the cells and travel apoplasticly and is brought back to the cell by secondary active transport of sucrose

Question 22

Pressurization of sugar

Answer 22

Cause by the sugar created at the source and then through osmosis of the xylem next to it , it goes towards the sink.

At the sink end, the sucrose is needed so it uses it and the concentration is lower making it more watery there making the tendency for water to go back to the xylem through osmosis.

These bothe give a continuous phloem sap