Chemistry Of Life Flashcards
Biology means?
Science means?
The study of life
To know
Valence electron
Outer most electrons on the last shell
Anion
Ion that accepts an electron and will have a negative charged
Cation
An Ion that gives an electron and will have a positive charge
Covalent bond
What does it look like for a structural diagram?
What does it look like for a molecular diagram?
Sharing of electrons
H-H
H₂
Double Bond
A chemical bond in which two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms
O₂
O=O
Molecule
Formed when two or more atoms are linked together by covalent bonds
Polar covalent bonds
Chemical bond where a pair of electrons are unequally shared between two atoms. An example of this is a water molecule
+H O-
+H
Elctronegativity
Is the measure of The tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons towards itself
Chemical reaction
Means bonds are being broken ( other than hydrogen bonds)
Domain
Is a group of organisms that is the highest of its kind
Polarity
Causes hydrogen atom to be attracted to the oxygen atoms in other water molecules
Hydrophilic
Substances that dissolve in water and like water
Hydrophobic
Things that don’t dissolve in water or don’t like it
Solvent
A substance that dissolves things
Solute
The things being dissolved in a solvent
Hydroxyl
An entity with the formula OH it is an alcohol
Calorie
The amount of energy it takes to raise one g of water 1 degree Celsius.
Ex. It take 540 calories to vaporize 1 g of water
Ion
An atom gaining a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons
Matter
Takes up space and mass
Compounds
Consist of two different
Atomic mass
Protons and neutrons
Atomic number
The number of protons
Isotope
Number of neutrons differ in the atomic nucleus
What are the 4 element that make up96% of living matter
CHON
Carbon is the backbone of?
Biological molecules
Organic chemistry
The study of carbon
Important functional groups
Hydroxyl OH Carbonyl C=O Carboxyl COOH Amino nH₂ Sulfihydryl SH Phosphate -OPO} Methyl CH₃
Hydrocarbons
Made up of hydrogen and carbon and they are fatty tissues. Also non polar
Macromolecule
Large molecules (polymers) composed of smaller molecules (monomers)
What are some organic molecules that are polymers?
Carbs
Protein
Nucleic acids
Amylase
Is in the saliva and breaks down starch ase means starch
If it ends in “ose” it means it’s a?
Sugar
Dehydration synthesis
Two monomers put together and giving out polymers. Requires taking out of water
Hydrolysis
Breaking down with water lysis mean break down
Carbohydrates
Sugars: monosaccharides which mean simple sugars
ex. Ketose and Aldose
Glucose +glucose= maltose which is a disaccharide
Starch
Polymer consisting of entirely glucose monomers
Glycogen
Glucose monomers major form of glucose in plants
Cellulose
Found in The cell wall of plants/ polymer of glucose
Lipids
Diverse group of hydrophobic molecules. Do NOT co diet of polymers
Where are fats stored
Adipocytes
Fatty acids
Vary in lengths and can have double bonds saturated means full of hydrogen and unsaturated mean not full
H atoms on opposite sides of the double bind means trans
H atoms on the same side mean cis
Reduction
Gain electron GER
Oxidation
Loss of an electron
Benedict’s rest
Tests for reducing sugar
Blue for negative
Red for positive
IKI (iodine potassium iodide)
Tests for starch
Yellow for negative
Black for positive
Buried test
Protein
Blue for negative
Purple for positive
