Evolution Of Population

Question 1

Population

Answer 1

A group of the same species living together are reproducing viable offspring

Question 2

Evolution

Answer 2

A change in allele frequencies over generations

Question 3

What is the one mechanism of adaptive evolution

Answer 3

Natural selection

Question 4

Polygenic inheritance

Answer 4

Multiple genes that code for a trait a contribute for a phenotype

Question 5

Living things are made of 4 categories of macromolecules called

Answer 5

Lipids
Polysaccharides
Polypeptides
Polynucleotide ( nucleic acid)

Question 6

In prokaryotes. What happens to mRNA

Answer 6

Nothing it is ready to go after transcription took place

Question 7

In eukaryotes what happens to mRNA

Answer 7

It gets sliced. The introns are removed and the exons are left to leave a mature mRNaa that’s shorter.

Question 8

Genetic code

Answer 8

A list of codons

All organisms have the same genetic code which hints at a common ancestor for everything

Question 9

Codon

Answer 9

Three nucleotide sequence of mRNA that specifies an amino acid

Question 10

Organisms use how many amino acids

Answer 10

20 and they’re are only 4 nucleotides so 3 are needed to soecify amino acids 3^3

Question 11

Redundancy

Answer 11

Genetic code is redundant. It is repetitive since there are more codons needed to specify 20 amino acids so different codons can mean the same amino acid

(Genetic code is not ambiguous)

Codon can only mean one amino acid

Allows for silent mutation.

Question 12

Is all variation in species genetic

Answer 12

No. Environmental reason such as diet can lead to a different appearance not genetically though

Question 13

What are the 3 mechanisms of evolution

Answer 13

Genetic drift
Gene flow
And natural slelection

Question 14

Genetic drift

Answer 14

Is the loss of alleles from an allele pool from an entirely random event that doesn’t look at maladaptive or adaptive traits

Genetic drift happens to all populations. But the effects become more pronounced the smaller the population is.

Question 15

Population is fixed

Answer 15

The allele frequencies of p or q are either 1 or 0

However not permanent because of mutation

Question 16

Gene flow

Answer 16

Genes from one population to another

Both population undergo evolution

Question 17

One instance of genetic drift is the founder effect which is?

Answer 17

A small number of individuals from a population become isolated and may become founders of a new population

Ex a flock a birds that encounters a storm a some get separated and start a new population

Question 18

Bottle neck effect

Answer 18

A large majority of the population is eliminated and they’re only a few survivors
Genetic makeup is limited as they start new population. Genetic variation is limited and the population may be sic work less to extinction

Question 19

Gene flow and natural selection acting together

Answer 19

This will undo natural selection as gene flow is random

Question 20

Directional selection

Answer 20

The selection resulting in one of the two extremes being disfavored

The curve shifted to one direction or the other.

Question 21

Distruptive selection

Answer 21

Disfavored the intermediate phenotype unimodial distribution turns to bimodal two humps on curve

Question 22

Stabilizing selection

Answer 22

The medium get more favored and the extremes get removed

Question 23

Incremental mutations allow for what

Answer 23

Drastic differences in phenotype because of natural selection that picks for adaptability

Question 24

Sexual selection

Answer 24

Survival is only half the succesubulity.

Reproduction also requires mating event ma that may require genes that are favored by a mate

Question 25

Heterozygote advantage

Answer 25

Of the three possible organisms for one gene , the heterozygous is the best in terms of fitness so they will be their greatest in terms of numbers

Ex human gene responsible for sickle cell disease

Question 26

Frequency dependent selection

Answer 26

The frequency of one trait over another determines the success of that trait