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Biology > Population Ecology And Sistributuon Of Organisms > Flashcards

Population Ecology And Sistributuon Of Organisms Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is ecology

A

The study of instereactions between an organisms and its surroundings

Interactions with organisms of same a d different species and the abiotic surroundings

Most complex part of biology
So many variables that contribute to the complexity

Very broad and can study ecology at many different levels that correlate to biological hierarchy of

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2
Q

What are the hierarchy organization of ecology

A 
Lowest is organisms
Population 
Community
Ecosystem
Landscape
Global
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3
Q

Population

A

Group of organisms of the same species living and reproducing together

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4
Q

Community

A

A group of different species living together

Multiple species

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5
Q

Ecosystem

A

Includes the community and the abiotic things such as water wind sunlight rocks that are apart of the ecosystem

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6
Q

What are particles of light

A

Photons

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7
Q

The farther away from the equated the photons that come from the sun are

A

More oblique and more in angle which spreads out the light more and makes the light less intense. That’s why it’s colder in the poles than the equated

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8
Q

The atmosphere can

A

Move around being gesouse.

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9
Q

Air is a mixture of

A

Nitrogen oxygen carbon dioxide and others in smaller concentrations.

The water vapor or humanity varies greatly Day to day compared to the others

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10
Q

There is a limit to how much air can hold

A

Water vapor and depends on the temperature of the air

Warmer air can hold more water vapor

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11
Q

The due point

A

The flowers temperature at which air with a given amount of water vapor can hold that vapor. If it gets colder that vapor condenses back to water

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12
Q

The amount of water held by the air depends on the

A

Temperature

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13
Q

What happens when you heat up a gas

A

It expands. Particles are more spaced out

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14
Q

Warm air has

A

Lower density because particles are more species out

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15
Q

At the equator the air

A

Rises because it’s lighter and gets pushed by the cooler air

Water also evaporated at the equator so warm moist air ascends

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16
Q

As warm moist air rises, the air gets

A

Colder and then gets heavier and falls back down. The air loses moisture as it cools off

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17
Q

Dry air falls back down and wicks the air out creating

A

Deserts outside of the topics

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18
Q

Major wind patterns come from

A

The rotations of the earth that causes the air away as the earth moves

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19
Q

Rotation

A

Is the spin of an object around a it’s axis

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20
Q

Revolution

A

Movement of an object around some other object like the moon around the earth

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21
Q

Why do we have seasonality

A

Because the earth rotation plane is not perpendicular to the plane created by the earth revolution around the sun

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22
Q

Revolving around something causes an

A

Eclipse with Foci that can be close together or far apart

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23
Q

The difference in closeness between the sun and earth is negligible

A

This does not cause seasonality because the foci are close together

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24
Q

What is heat

A

Energy of the notion of particles extensive property. The extent matters- how much of particles can cause more heat.

Doesn’t matter for an intensive property

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25
Q

Why is England not as cold as Canada even though they are very similar in latitudinal area

A

Because England gets a contniose supply of heat from the Gulf Stream in the form of water

26
Q

Biome

A

Huge ecosystem defined by abiotic conditions ( sunlight or rain they get) also defined by the dominant type of plant that lives there

Defined by plant because they are the producers and they feed the consumers

27
Q

Producers is an what term

A

Ecological term

28
Q

On land the dominant producers are

A

Plants

29
Q

Climagraph

A

Annual temperature
Vs annual precipitation on the c axis

Both abiotic factors

30
Q

Temperature effects

A

Chemical processes and shapes of proteins

31
Q

Desert means

A

Dry so doesn’t mean hot. There are cold deserts too called tundras

32
Q

Tropical rainforest

A

Rains a lot because near equator with where ascending moist air drops water

Densest population with greatest biological diversity

33
Q

Savana

A

In the rain shadow

Spares trees with a lot of grass. Wet season and then long periods of dryness

34
Q

Hot desserts

A

Very challenging for organisms

Less water and hot so they also lose water to evaporation

Producers can’t do their jobs as well

35
Q

Chaparral

A

Not many trees and dominated by shrubs

Lot of seasonality so things dry out. Lead to fires often.

36
Q

Grassland like in Mongolia

A

Dominated by grass

37
Q

Coniferous forests

A

Major kinds of gymnosperms
Well adapted to lower temperatures and lower ladititudes

Specialized leaves

38
Q

Temperate broad leaf forest

A

Dominated by deciduous trees

39
Q

Tundra

A

Cold desert

Spence life where plants don’t grow very tal

40
Q

Wetland

A

Wet lands that allow things to live especially migrating animals that rely on them

Destroying them for ocean front property devistates these animals

41
Q

What makes a lake

A

Aquatic water. Meaning freshwater. Without salt.

42
Q

Where do headwaters occur

A

At the top of mountains causing streams

43
Q

What causes the tides

A

Moons gravitational pull

44
Q

Intertidal zone

A

Demanding place to live cause between high tide and low tide. In water and out of water. Hot and cold

45
Q

Cora reefs

A

Tremendous variety of species like rainforests.

46
Q

Open ocean

A

Far away from land. Not a high density of living things

Things that leave there live near the surface

Because that’s were the photoautotrophs are

47
Q

What process do all producers perform that is important chemically

A

Carbon fixation

48
Q

Chemosynthesis

A

Carbon fixation using chemicals not sunlight

Chemoautotrophs usually bacteria

49
Q

Zone of water right against the land is the

A

Littoral zone. Further out is the limnetic zone

50
Q

Photic zone

A

Where light can penetrate where producers are. So certain amount t of depth. Below that is apothecary zone. And this combined are palgic zone

51
Q

Benthic zone

A

Where the water meets the ground of the lake. Can be at any depth

52
Q

What are the questions that are ask to see why a species is absent

A 
Dispersal limitations?
Biotic limitations? 
Abiotic factors?
Physical?
Chemical?
53
Q

Things that effect population size

A

Contributed by. Births death emigration and immigration

54
Q

Dispersal patterns

A

Clumped - intentional
Uniform- intentional
Random- unintentional

55
Q

Slope is

A

Rise over run

Y over x

56
Q

Exponential growth

A

K * population( N)

K(N)

57
Q

Logistics curve

A

Starts out like exponential then tapers off and constrained by an asymptote which is carrying capacity where the population stops growing
dN/dT = kN * {(K-N)/K}

K is the limit

k is a constant

58
Q

Half way up the macimum growth is the steepest

A

Ight

59
Q

Dandelions are good examples of species that make a great number of

A

Cheap offspring that don’t require a lot of energy or materials

60
Q

Equilibrium point is between in populations

A

Death rate and birth rate

61
Q

Density dependent regulators

A 
Competition for resources
Predation 
Disease
Toxic waste 
Territoriality 
Intrinsic factor- changes in physiology 
Like rats that free out when kept in tanks. Can eat pups or not reproduce

Biology (23 decks)

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