Population Ecology And Sistributuon Of Organisms Flashcards
What is ecology
The study of instereactions between an organisms and its surroundings
Interactions with organisms of same a d different species and the abiotic surroundings
Most complex part of biology
So many variables that contribute to the complexity
Very broad and can study ecology at many different levels that correlate to biological hierarchy of
What are the hierarchy organization of ecology
Lowest is organisms Population Community Ecosystem Landscape Global
Population
Group of organisms of the same species living and reproducing together
Community
A group of different species living together
Multiple species
Ecosystem
Includes the community and the abiotic things such as water wind sunlight rocks that are apart of the ecosystem
What are particles of light
Photons
The farther away from the equated the photons that come from the sun are
More oblique and more in angle which spreads out the light more and makes the light less intense. That’s why it’s colder in the poles than the equated
The atmosphere can
Move around being gesouse.
Air is a mixture of
Nitrogen oxygen carbon dioxide and others in smaller concentrations.
The water vapor or humanity varies greatly Day to day compared to the others
There is a limit to how much air can hold
Water vapor and depends on the temperature of the air
Warmer air can hold more water vapor
The due point
The flowers temperature at which air with a given amount of water vapor can hold that vapor. If it gets colder that vapor condenses back to water
The amount of water held by the air depends on the
Temperature
What happens when you heat up a gas
It expands. Particles are more spaced out
Warm air has
Lower density because particles are more species out
At the equator the air
Rises because it’s lighter and gets pushed by the cooler air
Water also evaporated at the equator so warm moist air ascends
As warm moist air rises, the air gets
Colder and then gets heavier and falls back down. The air loses moisture as it cools off
Dry air falls back down and wicks the air out creating
Deserts outside of the topics
Major wind patterns come from
The rotations of the earth that causes the air away as the earth moves
Rotation
Is the spin of an object around a it’s axis
Revolution
Movement of an object around some other object like the moon around the earth
Why do we have seasonality
Because the earth rotation plane is not perpendicular to the plane created by the earth revolution around the sun
Revolving around something causes an
Eclipse with Foci that can be close together or far apart
The difference in closeness between the sun and earth is negligible
This does not cause seasonality because the foci are close together
What is heat
Energy of the notion of particles extensive property. The extent matters- how much of particles can cause more heat.
Doesn’t matter for an intensive property
Why is England not as cold as Canada even though they are very similar in latitudinal area
Because England gets a contniose supply of heat from the Gulf Stream in the form of water
Biome
Huge ecosystem defined by abiotic conditions ( sunlight or rain they get) also defined by the dominant type of plant that lives there
Defined by plant because they are the producers and they feed the consumers
Producers is an what term
Ecological term
On land the dominant producers are
Plants
Climagraph
Annual temperature
Vs annual precipitation on the c axis
Both abiotic factors
Temperature effects
Chemical processes and shapes of proteins
Desert means
Dry so doesn’t mean hot. There are cold deserts too called tundras
Tropical rainforest
Rains a lot because near equator with where ascending moist air drops water
Densest population with greatest biological diversity
Savana
In the rain shadow
Spares trees with a lot of grass. Wet season and then long periods of dryness
Hot desserts
Very challenging for organisms
Less water and hot so they also lose water to evaporation
Producers can’t do their jobs as well
Chaparral
Not many trees and dominated by shrubs
Lot of seasonality so things dry out. Lead to fires often.
Grassland like in Mongolia
Dominated by grass
Coniferous forests
Major kinds of gymnosperms
Well adapted to lower temperatures and lower ladititudes
Specialized leaves
Temperate broad leaf forest
Dominated by deciduous trees
Tundra
Cold desert
Spence life where plants don’t grow very tal
Wetland
Wet lands that allow things to live especially migrating animals that rely on them
Destroying them for ocean front property devistates these animals
What makes a lake
Aquatic water. Meaning freshwater. Without salt.
Where do headwaters occur
At the top of mountains causing streams
What causes the tides
Moons gravitational pull
Intertidal zone
Demanding place to live cause between high tide and low tide. In water and out of water. Hot and cold
Cora reefs
Tremendous variety of species like rainforests.
Open ocean
Far away from land. Not a high density of living things
Things that leave there live near the surface
Because that’s were the photoautotrophs are
What process do all producers perform that is important chemically
Carbon fixation
Chemosynthesis
Carbon fixation using chemicals not sunlight
Chemoautotrophs usually bacteria
Zone of water right against the land is the
Littoral zone. Further out is the limnetic zone
Photic zone
Where light can penetrate where producers are. So certain amount t of depth. Below that is apothecary zone. And this combined are palgic zone
Benthic zone
Where the water meets the ground of the lake. Can be at any depth
What are the questions that are ask to see why a species is absent
Dispersal limitations? Biotic limitations? Abiotic factors? Physical? Chemical?
Things that effect population size
Contributed by. Births death emigration and immigration
Dispersal patterns
Clumped - intentional
Uniform- intentional
Random- unintentional
Slope is
Rise over run
Y over x
Exponential growth
K * population( N)
K(N)
Logistics curve
Starts out like exponential then tapers off and constrained by an asymptote which is carrying capacity where the population stops growing
dN/dT = kN * {(K-N)/K}
K is the limit
k is a constant
Half way up the macimum growth is the steepest
Ight
Dandelions are good examples of species that make a great number of
Cheap offspring that don’t require a lot of energy or materials
Equilibrium point is between in populations
Death rate and birth rate
Density dependent regulators
Competition for resources Predation Disease Toxic waste Territoriality Intrinsic factor- changes in physiology Like rats that free out when kept in tanks. Can eat pups or not reproduce
