Unit 2: Enzymes

Question 1

Metabolism

Answer 1

All of the chemical reactions that transpire inside cells, including those that use and release energy.

Question 2

Metabolic Pathways

Answer 2

a specific sequences of enzyme catalyzed chemical reactions controlled by the cell

Question 3

Anabolic Reaction (Pathway)

Answer 3

Pathways that require an input of energy to build larger molecules (synthesize) from smaller ones.

Question 4

Catabolic Reaction (Pathway)

Answer 4

Pathways that involves breaking down large molecules into smaller ones to release energy. Also called catabolism.

Question 5

Enzyme

Answer 5

A protein that facilitates or catalyzes chemical reactions inside the cell by lowering activation energy.

Question 6

Catalyst

Answer 6

A substance that helps a chemical reaction to occur.

Question 7

Enzyme-Substrate Complex

Answer 7

Formed when an enzyme binds to its substrate, lowering the reaction’s activation energy and promoting rapid progression.

Question 8

Active Site

Answer 8

The location within an enzyme where the substrate binds and the chemical reaction takes place.

Question 9

Induced Fit Model

Answer 9

Current model of enzyme-substrate binding where the enzyme and substrate cause a mild shift in structure to achieve an ideal binding arrangement.

Question 10

Activation Energy

Answer 10

The energy needed to start a chemical reaction.

Question 11

ATP

Answer 11

Adenosine triphosphate, a high-energy molecule that provides energy for cellular processes.

Question 12

Biosynthetic Processes

Answer 12

the process by which living things use chemical (anabolic) reactions to create products useful for cellular metabolism.

Question 13

Substrate

Answer 13

The reactants to which an enzyme binds at the active site, in a chemical reaction.

Question 14

Transition State

Answer 14

An intermediate state in a chemical reaction where old bonds are breaking and new bonds are forming.

Question 15

Specificity

Answer 15

The characteristic of enzymes to bind specifically to their substrates due to a match in shape and functional groups.

Question 16

Optimal Environment

Answer 16

The specific conditions within an enzyme’s active site that promote the best chemical reaction for specific substrates.

Question 17

Chemical Reaction

Answer 17

A process that involves the breaking and forming of chemical bonds to transform substances into new products.

Question 18

The amino acid “R” group is also called the __ that__ one amino acid from another.

Answer 18

Residue; sets apart

Question 19

Denature is the process changing __ due to extreme conditions in __ (3).

Answer 19

natural properties; pH, temperature or chemicals.

Question 20

pH can affect enzyme function by

Answer 20

Denature, altering active site properties

Question 21

Competitive Inhibition

Answer 21

Inhibitor blocks substrate binding at the active site

Question 22

Noncompetitive Inhibition

Answer 22

Inhibitor binds at an allosteric site, blocking substrate binding

Question 23

Allosteric Inhibition

Answer 23

Binds to an enzyme away from the activation site and changes the conformation of the active site, so the substrate binding is reduced or prevented (decreasing affinity). Non competitive.

Question 24

Cofactors are ___ binding at the enzymes __; necessary for the enzyme to __.

Answer 24

inorganic substances; active site; function.

Question 25

Coenzymes are ___ required by many enzymes for __ activity.

Answer 25

Organic molecules; catalytic

Question 26

Enzyme Compartmentalization

Answer 26

Enzymes housed in different organelles for regulation

Question 27

Feedback Inhibition is regulation by the __ of the __ pathway, inhibiting __.

Answer 27

end product; biochemical pathway; enzymes

Question 28

When a word ends in “-ase” we know it is

Answer 28

an enzyme.