Final Exam: Chemiosmosis Flashcards
ADP is produced by
hydrolysis of ATP, along with a phosphate ion.
Chemiosmosis is the movement of __, going __ their gradient through a __ to produce ATP.
ions; down; membrane protein
Chemiosmosis takes place where in prokaryotes?
over the plasma membrane
Chemiosmosis in eukaryotes takes place in the
Inside membrane of the mitochondria
Chemiosmosis in plants takes place in the
chloroplasts during the light reactions of photosynthesis.
Chemiosmosis, __ energy, making it __. The process is followed by the regeneration of ATP, which __ energy, making it __.
Releases; exergonic; requires; endergonic
For diffusion to take place during chemiosmosis, there must be a
gradient of protons (hydrogen ions)
Chemiosmosis is the method used in the __ of photosynthesis to harness the energy of sunlight to produce __ that can then be used to build a carbohydrate.
light reactions;ATP
Chemiosmosis is used to generate more than __ percent of the ATP made during aerobic __ catabolism.
80 percent; glucose
How is the hydrogen ion gradient established and maintained?
electron transport chain
Electron Transport Chain (ETC) maintains a __ that can be used to power the endergonic process of producing __ through __.
gradient of hydrogen ions; ATP; chemiosmosis
Redox reactions involve the transfer of __ between __.
Electrons; compounds
Oxidation describes a molecule that has __ and has a __ potential energy.
Lost an electron; lower
Reduction is when a molecule that has __ and has __ potential energy.
gained an electron; higher
Potential Energy is Energy stored in __, particularly in the form of__
atoms; high-energy electrons.
The reduced form (molecule) has __ free energy than the oxidized form.
more
What is the difference between the ETC in the mitochondrion and the chloroplast (3)
- source of electrons
- components of the ETC
- final electron acceptor
ETC in mitochondria is the last component of __ and the only part of glucose metabolism that directly uses __
aerobic respiration; atmospheric oxygen
When electrons are passed from one protein complex to the next, each complex has a __ electronegativity than the one before.
greater
Photosynthesis functions as a series of two major steps,
the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle
Thylakoid Lumen is the Space inside the __ in __.
thylakoid membrane; chloroplasts
Calvin Cycle
Part of photosynthesis that uses ATP and NADPH to build carbohydrates.
ATP Synthase
membrane protein acting as an ion channel. Energy released to add a phosphate to ADP, forming ATP.
Ion Channels
Proteins that facilitate the transport of ions across cell membranes.
The light-dependent reactions transform light energy into the chemical energy of (2)
ATP and NADPH
The final electron acceptor(s) for the electron transport chain in the chloroplast is
NADPH
The electron donor(s) for the electron transport chain in the chloroplast is/are
Water
Chloroplasts were originally derived from
Photosynthetic Cyanobacteria