Final Exam: Chemiosmosis

Question 1

ADP is produced by

Answer 1

hydrolysis of ATP, along with a phosphate ion.

Question 2

Chemiosmosis is the movement of __, going __ their gradient through a __ to produce ATP.

Answer 2

ions; down; membrane protein

Question 3

Chemiosmosis takes place where in prokaryotes?

Answer 3

over the plasma membrane

Question 4

Chemiosmosis in eukaryotes takes place in the

Answer 4

Inside membrane of the mitochondria

Question 5

Chemiosmosis in plants takes place in the

Answer 5

chloroplasts during the light reactions of photosynthesis.

Question 6

Chemiosmosis, __ energy, making it __. The process is followed by the regeneration of ATP, which __ energy, making it __.

Answer 6

Releases; exergonic; requires; endergonic

Question 7

For diffusion to take place during chemiosmosis, there must be a

Answer 7

gradient of protons (hydrogen ions)

Question 8

Chemiosmosis is the method used in the __ of photosynthesis to harness the energy of sunlight to produce __ that can then be used to build a carbohydrate.

Answer 8

light reactions;ATP

Question 9

Chemiosmosis is used to generate more than __ percent of the ATP made during aerobic __ catabolism.

Answer 9

80 percent; glucose

Question 10

How is the hydrogen ion gradient established and maintained?

Answer 10

electron transport chain

Question 11

Electron Transport Chain (ETC) maintains a __ that can be used to power the endergonic process of producing __ through __.

Answer 11

gradient of hydrogen ions; ATP; chemiosmosis

Question 12

Redox reactions involve the transfer of __ between __.

Answer 12

Electrons; compounds

Question 13

Oxidation describes a molecule that has __ and has a __ potential energy.

Answer 13

Lost an electron; lower

Question 14

Reduction is when a molecule that has __ and has __ potential energy.

Answer 14

gained an electron; higher

Question 15

Potential Energy is Energy stored in __, particularly in the form of__

Answer 15

atoms; high-energy electrons.

Question 16

The reduced form (molecule) has __ free energy than the oxidized form.

Answer 16

more

Question 17

What is the difference between the ETC in the mitochondrion and the chloroplast (3)

Answer 17

1. source of electrons
2. components of the ETC
3. final electron acceptor

Question 18

ETC in mitochondria is the last component of __ and the only part of glucose metabolism that directly uses __

Answer 18

aerobic respiration; atmospheric oxygen

Question 19

When electrons are passed from one protein complex to the next, each complex has a __ electronegativity than the one before.

Answer 19

greater

Question 20

Photosynthesis functions as a series of two major steps,

Answer 20

the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle

Question 21

Thylakoid Lumen is the Space inside the __ in __.

Answer 21

thylakoid membrane; chloroplasts

Question 22

Calvin Cycle

Answer 22

Part of photosynthesis that uses ATP and NADPH to build carbohydrates.

Question 23

ATP Synthase

Answer 23

membrane protein acting as an ion channel. Energy released to add a phosphate to ADP, forming ATP.

Question 24

Ion Channels

Answer 24

Proteins that facilitate the transport of ions across cell membranes.

Question 25

The light-dependent reactions transform light energy into the chemical energy of (2)

Answer 25

ATP and NADPH

Question 26

The final electron acceptor(s) for the electron transport chain in the chloroplast is

Answer 26

NADPH

Question 27

The electron donor(s) for the electron transport chain in the chloroplast is/are

Answer 27

Water

Question 28

Chloroplasts were originally derived from

Answer 28

Photosynthetic Cyanobacteria