Unit 1: Evolution

Question 1

Theory of Evolution provides direction for predictions about

Answer 1

living things in ongoing experiments

Question 2

Evolutionary change

Answer 2

changes in populations over time

Question 3

Natural selection

Answer 3

favorable traits survive and reproduce at higher rates. A process causing evolution.

Question 4

Descent with modification

Answer 4

change in populations over generations

Question 5

The idea of evolution by natural selection was discovered by

Answer 5

Charles Darwin

Question 6

Natural selection can only take place if (3)

Answer 6

there is variation, heritable traits and effects of fitness.

Question 7

Genetic diversity in a population comes from two main mechanisms

Answer 7

mutation and sexual reproduction.

Question 8

Adaptation

Answer 8

a heritable trait that helps an organism’s survival and reproduction in its present environment

Question 9

Beneficial alleles allow

Answer 9

An increasing of frequency in the population

Question 10

Deleterious alleles result in

Answer 10

A decreasing of frequency in the population

Question 11

Individuals that leave relatively more offspring have high

Answer 11

Evolutionary fitness

Question 12

Ways selection can affect population variation include

Answer 12

stabilizing selection, directional selection, diversifying selection, frequency-dependent selection, and sexual selection

Question 13

Stabilizing selection

Answer 13

When natural selection favors an average phenotype, selecting against extreme variation (qualitative characteristics)

Question 14

Directional selection

Answer 14

selects for phenotypes at one end of the spectrum of existing variation (those who fit the environment best)

Question 15

Diversifying Selection

Answer 15

Sometimes two or more distinct phenotypes can each have their advantages for natural selection, while the intermediate phenotypes are, on average, less fit. (very large or very small survive but not medium size)

Question 16

Alleles

Answer 16

different versions of a gene

Question 17

Evidence of evolution (6)

Answer 17

fossils, anatomy, embryology, biogeography, molecular biology, direct observation

Question 18

Homologous structures

Answer 18

similar structures or genes in different organisms that share a common ancestry

Question 19

Mutation

Answer 19

introduces new variation into a population, ultimately comes from random changes in DNA

Question 20

Comparative anatomy

Answer 20

studying the similarities and differences in structure between organisms

Question 21

One of the major lines of evidence in support of the Theory of Evolution

Answer 21

the fossil record

Question 22

Embryology

Answer 22

the study of how creatures develop before they are born or hatch

Question 22

Analogous structures

Answer 22

features of different species that are similar in function but not necessarily in structure

Question 23

Phenotype

Answer 23

Observable traits