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Biology 1650 > Test 3: Mitosis & Cell Division > Flashcards

Test 3: Mitosis & Cell Division Flashcards

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1
Q

Cytokinesis

A

Partitioning cytoplasmic contents into daughter cells

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2
Q

Genome

A

all of the genetic material of a cell or organism

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3
Q

Binary Fission

A

Cell division method in prokaryotes with circular chromosomes

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4
Q

Gametes, or sex cells (eggs and sperm) contain __ of __

A

one set; chromosomes

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5
Q

Diploid

A

Having two matched sets of chromosomes in a cell

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6
Q

The typical body has __ matched or __ sets of chromosomes (one set from each parent)

A

two; homologous

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7
Q

Haploid

A

Having one set of chromosomes in a cell

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8
Q

Homologous Chromosomes

A

“same knowlege”; Chromosomes from each parent with the same genes (2 chromatids)

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9
Q

Genes are __ units coding for specific __

A

Chromosomal; proteins

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10
Q

Locus

A

position of a gene on a chromosome

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11
Q

Cell cycle involves cell _ and _ that produces __ new daughter cells

A

growth; division; two

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12
Q

Major phases of the cell cycle (2)

A

interphase and mitotic phase

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13
Q

Interphase

A

period of the cell cycle leading up to mitosis in which the cell grows and DNA is replicated

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14
Q

Subcategories of interphase

A

G1, S, and G2 phases

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15
Q

G1 Phase

A

First gap stage of interphase, cell prepares for DNA replication

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16
Q

S Phase

A

second, or synthesis, stage of interphase during which DNA replication occurs

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17
Q

Steps involved in the S-phase (5)

A

sister chromatids, centromere, centrosome, centrioles, mitotic spindle

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18
Q

Chromatin

A

Semi-condensed form of nuclear DNA in interphase

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19
Q

Sister Chromatids

A

Identical pairs of DNA molecules after replication

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20
Q

Centromere

A

region at which sister chromatids are bound together

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21
Q

Centrosome

A

Structure duplicated in S phase, organizes mitotic spindle

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22
Q

Mitotic Spindle

A

Apparatus that moves chromosomes during mitosis

23
Q

Centrioles

A

microtubules that help organize cell division

24
Q

G2 Phase (6)

A

Phase for energy replenishment, protein synthesis, chromosomes are relaxed, chromosomes and organelle’s already duplicated, cytoskeleton is dismantled, the nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear envelope.

25
Q

G0 Phase

A

Inactive stage where cells exit the cell cycle temporarily or permanently

26
Q

Mitotic Phase

A

Process of aligning, separating, and moving duplicated chromosomes; part of the cell cylce

27
Q

Subcategories of the mitotic phase

A

mitosis (karyokinesis) and cytokinesis

28
Q

Karyokinesis (mitosis)

A

division of the nucleus into two daughter nuclei

29
Q

Cytokinesis

A

division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells; starts during anaphase

30
Q

Phases of Mitosis

A

prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase (please pass me another treat)

31
Q

Prophase (4)

A

the chromosomes begin to condense, the mitotic spindle begins to form, the nuclear envelope begins to fragment, chromatin condenses into duplicated chromosomes.

32
Q

Prometaphase (3)

A

the mitotic spindle begins to attach to kinetochores, kinetochores assemble at the centromeres, the chromosomes condense further.

33
Q

Metaphase

A

Chromosomes align at the metaphase plate with sister chromatids attached

34
Q

Anaphase (2)

A

the mitotic spindle depolymerizes, the sister chromatids are pulled apart from one another.

35
Q

Telophase

A

Chromosomes decondense, nuclear envelopes form, and mitotic spindles depolymerize

36
Q

Contractile Ring

A

Actin filament ring in animal cells aiding in cytokinesis by forming a cleavage furrow

37
Q

Phragmoplast

A

Structure in plant cells formed during cytokinesis to guide cell plate formation

38
Q

The cell plate is formed by __ to __ plant cells

A

vesicle fusion; divide

39
Q

Golgi apparatus accumulates __ and __ for cell division

A

enzymes; structural proteins

40
Q

Microtubules are __ strands of __ molecules that form a tubelike structure

A

Spiral; protein

41
Q

Microtubules are remodeled during cell division to form the __

A

mitotic spindle

42
Q

Kinetochores

A

Attachment points for mitotic spindle during cell division (plates that are on the side of the centromeres)

43
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Network of protein fibers maintaining cell shape and aiding movement

44
Q

The cytoskeleton is made up of three fibers;

A

microfilament, intermediate filament, and microtubule

45
Q

Microfilament

A

Narrow intertwined actin strands that aid in cellular movement and shape change

46
Q

Actin

A

The protein fibers forming microfilaments for cellular movement

47
Q

Actin is powered by;

A

ATP

48
Q

Myosin

A

Motor protein moving along actin filaments for cellular motion

49
Q

Intermediate filaments are composed of several stands of __, providing __

A

fibrous proteins; structural support

50
Q

Flagella

A

Long, whip-like structures enabling cell movement

51
Q

Cilia

A

Short, hair-like structures moving substances along cell surfaces

52
Q

How many chromosomes does a human egg cell have?

A

23

53
Q

When a cell is metabolizing and NOT in the process of dividing, what is the function of the cytoskeleton (4)

A

Movement, cell shape, secure some organelles in position, allow cells and vesicles within multicellular organisms to move

54
Q

How many chromosomes does a human white blood cell have?

A

46

Biology 1650 (24 decks)

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