Test 3: Evolution 2

Question 1

Somatic Mutations

Answer 1

Mutations occurring in non-reproductive cells, not passed to offspring

Question 2

Germline Mutations

Answer 2

Mutations occurring in reproductive cells can be transmitted to offspring.

Question 3

Large-scale Mutations

Answer 3

Mutations affecting overall chromosomal structure including deletions

Question 4

Deletions

Answer 4

Mutations where a segment of DNA is lost potentially resulting in the loss of genes.

Question 5

Duplications

Answer 5

Mutations leading to extra copies of genes important in macroevolution.

Question 6

Inversions

Answer 6

Mutations where a segment of DNA is reversed in orientation can cause rearrangement of genetic information.

Question 7

Small-scale Mutations

Answer 7

Mutations changing only one or a few nucleotides including insertions

Question 8

Substitution Mutation

Answer 8

A point mutation where a single base pair is changed for a different one.

Question 9

Silent Mutation

Answer 9

A point mutation changing a codon to another codon that specifies the same amino acid.

Question 10

Missense Mutation

Answer 10

A point mutation changing a codon for one amino acid into a codon for a different amino acid.

Question 11

Nonsense Mutation

Answer 11

A point mutation changing a codon that specifies an amino acid into a stop codon resulting in termination of translation.

Question 12

Frameshift Mutation

Answer 12

A mutation caused by insertions or deletions of bases altering the reading frame of a gene and likely leading to a non-functional protein.

Question 13

Small scale DNA change include (3)

Answer 13

Substitution (point), insertion and deletion

Question 14

Small scale mutations in Polypeptides

Answer 14

Silent, missense, nonsense