Unit 2: Cell Transportation

Question 1

Diffusion

Answer 1

Passive movement of substances from high to low concentration areas.

Question 2

Passive Transport

Answer 2

naturally occurring material transfer from high to low concentration, that does not require energy

Question 3

Concentration Gradient

Answer 3

Physical space with varying concentrations of a substance.

Question 4

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 4

Passive transport aided by membrane proteins for polar molecules. Moves with concentration gradient.

Question 5

Non-polar and lipid-soluble substances with a low molecular weight can ___ the membrane’s hydrophobic lipid core.

Answer 5

easily slip through

Question 6

Each separate substance in a medium has its own___, independent of other materials’ ___

Answer 6

concentration gradient

Question 7

What manner do molecules move in?

Answer 7

constant and random

Question 8

Factors of molecule movement (3)

Answer 8

their mass, environment, thermal energy (function of temperature)

Question 9

Channel Proteins

Answer 9

Proteins with hydrophilic channels aiding polar compound passage.

Question 10

Aquaporins

Answer 10

Channel proteins facilitating high-speed water passage through membranes.

Question 11

Carrier Proteins

Answer 11

Proteins binding substances, changing shape to transport them across membranes.

Question 12

Dynamic Equilibrium

Answer 12

State where substance diffusion maintains equal concentration throughout a space.

Question 13

Factors Affecting Diffusion (8)

Answer 13

Extent of concentration gradient, molecule mass, temperature, solvent density, solubility, surface area, membrane thickness, and distance.

Question 14

Excretion

Answer 14

Process of removing waste material from the body

Question 15

Osmosis

Answer 15

Diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane

Question 16

Solute

Answer 16

Substance dissolved in a solution

Question 17

Solvent

Answer 17

Liquid in which a solute is dissolved

Question 18

Tonicity

Answer 18

Effect of extracellular solution on cell volume through osmosis

Question 19

Hypotonic

Answer 19

Solution with lower osmolarity than cell cytoplasm

Question 20

Hypertonic

Answer 20

Solution with higher osmolarity than cell cytoplasm

Question 21

Isotonic

Answer 21

Solution with same osmolarity as cell cytoplasm

Question 22

Osmolarity

Answer 22

Total solute concentration in a solution

Question 23

Turgor Pressure

Answer 23

Pressure of water pushing the plasma membrane against the cell wall

Question 24

Osmoregulation

Answer 24

Mechanism to control osmotic pressure in living organisms

Question 25

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Answer 25

Cellular energy currency used in active transport

Question 26

Active Transport

Answer 26

Movement of substances against their concentration gradient requiring energy

Question 27

Metabolic Energy

Answer 27

Energy used to maintain cell processes

Question 28

Primary Active Transport

Answer 28

Moves substances against gradients using ATP

Question 29

Secondary Active Transport

Answer 29

Uses ion diffusion energy to transport substances

Question 30

Uniporter

Answer 30

A transporter that carries one specific solute

Question 31

Symporter

Answer 31

Carries two different molecules in the same direction

Question 32

Antiporter

Answer 32

Carries two different molecules in opposite directions

Question 33

Bulk Transport

Answer 33

Moves large molecules using vesicles and energy

Question 34

There are two types of bulk transport,

Answer 34

exocytosis and endocytosis

Question 35

Endocytosis

Answer 35

Brings particles into the cell via vesicle formation

Question 36

Exocytosis

Answer 36

Expels material from the cell into extracellular space

Question 37

Phagocytosis

Answer 37

Cell engulfs large particles or cells

Question 38

Pinocytosis

Answer 38

Cell "drinking" takes in molecules and fluid

Question 39

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

Answer 39

Uses specific receptors to bring substances into the cell

Question 40

Processes that involve movement down a concentration gradient

Answer 40

Osmosis, simple and facilitated diffusion